The grapes of Bordeaux
Old names
The Gironde books called their grapes by names that changed from one bank to the other and from one century to the next. Here are 70, each with the book, the words and its status: 3 settled, 10 likely, 57 open.
Settled: the sources agree. Likely: the Gironde sources point one way, and only a VIVC listing points another. Open: the sources disagree, and the case stays open.
-
Open
“Amaroye”
Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, in Bordeaux et ses vins (1868, 1874, and 1893), describe the Amaroye as a black grape with large, long-stalked leaves, red wood, and pleasant-tasting berries, and Raimond Boireau listed it in 1892 among the abundant grapes of the common Gironde wines. The ampelographies leave it unidentified, and VIVC has no passport under the name. Its modern identity is unknown.
“Amaroye: this grape is known by its large leaves on a very long stalk, its red wood, and its black berries with a pleasant taste.”
Amaroye : Ce cépage se distingue par ses grandes feuilles à pétiole très-allongé, par son bois rouge et par ses grains noirs et d’un goût agréable.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Likely
“Auxerrois”
Armand d’Armailhacq, a Médoc proprietor, wrote in 1855 that one variety of the malbec is called cahors in the Gers and auxerrois in the Lot, and Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition again gives Auxerrois as a Lot name of the Malbec. In the Gironde books the name only ever appears as a Malbec name from outside the department, and VIVC lists AUXERROIS among the synonyms of Cot. The caution is Auxerrois Blanc, a distinct white grape (a cross of Pinot and Gouais Blanc on the Wine Grapes pedigree sheets, Robinson, Harding, and Vouillamoz, 2012), so a white ‘auxerrois’ would be another grape.
Points to: Malbec
“it is the one called cahors in the Gers, and auxerrois in the Lot.”
c'est celui qu'on appelle cahors dans le Gers, et auxerrois dans le Lot.
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “Auxerrois, Plant-de-Meraou (in the Lot).”
Auxerrois , Plant - de - Meraou ( dans le Lot ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Balouzat” balouzat
André Jullien listed the balouzat with the malbek among the red grapes of the Graves in 1816, and William Franck described a ‘Balouzat’ in 1845 as a grape apart, with reddish wood and round, dark-wined berries. Cocks and Féret (1868) made balouzat a Graves name of the Hourcat and added that it is also given to the Malbec in the Entre-deux-Mers; their 1874 edition puts Balouzat among the Malbec’s own names. VIVC has no grape of that prime name and lists BALOUZAT under both Cot and Mérille. The name sits between the Malbec, the Mérille, and the lost Hourcat, and it stays open.
“The red wines of the cantons called the Graves are made from the carmenet, the verdot, the tarnex, the malbek, and the balouzat.”
Les vins ronges des cantons dits les Graves , sont produits par le carmenet, le verdot, le tarnex , le malbek et le balouzat.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 “The name balouzat is also given to the malbec in the Entre-deux-Mers.”
Le nom de balouzat est aussi donné au malbec dans l'Entre - deux - Mers .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Open
“Béquignol” Bequignol, Béquignaou
Cocks and Féret (1874) give Béquignol as the name used in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne for the grape called Fer at Macau and in the canton of Carbon-Blanc; their 1893 edition adds Béquignaou. VIVC lists BEQUIGNOL and BEQUIGNAOU under Béquignol Noir, and again under Fer (Fer Servadou), so the catalog holds the name in 2 places. A close spelling must be kept apart: Béquin, a white grape that VIVC files under Mauzac. No source settles which of the 2 black grapes the Gironde growers had.
Points to: Béquignol Noir, Fer
“Fer (at Macau and in the canton of Carbon-Blanc). Béquignol (in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne).”
Fer (à Macau et dans le canton du Carbon-Blanc). Béquignol (dans plusieurs communes de la rive droite de la Garonne).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Béquignaou or Bequignol (in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne, above all in the canton of Carbon-Blanc).”
Béquignaou ou Bequignol ( dans plusieurs communes de la rive droite de la Garonne , surtout dans le canton du Carbon - Blanc ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Blanc-Auba” Blanc Auba, Blanc-Aouba, auba, blancaubat
Jullien (1816) named the auba among the grapes of the white wines of Barsac, Preignac, and Sauternes, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) reported Secondat’s word that it made the esteemed wine of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont. G. Cazeaux-Cazalet, in Viala and Vermorel’s Ampélographie (1902), describes it as a distinct late white that lasted in the old Gironde vineyards until phylloxera, and Cocks and Féret (1922) list Blanc-Aouba apart from Ugni-Blanc. On the other side, Cocks and Féret (1893) give it the Charentes name Saint-Émilion-des-Charentes, and VIVC lists BLANC AUBA and SAINT EMILION DES CHARENTES among the synonyms of Trebbiano Toscano, the Ugni Blanc. The name sits between a lost local white and the Ugni Blanc.
Points to: Blanc Auba, Ugni Blanc
“It survived in appreciable quantity in the old white vineyards of the Gironde hillsides until phylloxera wiped them out.”
Il a subsisté en quantité appréciable dans les anciennes vignes blanches des coteaux de la Gironde jusqu'au moment où le Phylloxéra les a anéanties.
Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902 “Blanc-Auba (Saint-Émilion-des-Charentes).”
Blanc - Auba ( Saint - Émilion - des - Charentes ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Blanc-Doux” Blanc doux, Douce-Blanche, Douceblanche, Blanc-Mou (Secondat)
Jullien (1816) named the blanc doux among the white grapes of the Graves, and Franck (1845) and Cocks and Féret (1868, 1874) describe a delicate, very sweet white that rarely bore 2 years running; Petit-Lafitte (1868) took it to be Secondat’s ‘Blanc-Mou’. Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition gives ‘Douceblanche ou Blanc-Doux’ as Libournais names of the Sauvignon, yet the same book keeps a separate Blanc-Doux among the minor whites. VIVC lists BLANC DOUX under both Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc, and BLANCHE DOUCE under Muscadelle. The grape behind the name is open.
Points to: Sauvignon Blanc, Sémillon, Muscadelle
“A very white, very delicate wine, generally used to give these qualities to the other wines.”
Vin très-blanc et très-délicat, servant généralement à donner ces qualités aux autres vins.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Douceblanche or Blanc-Doux (in the Libournais and the Dordogne).”
Douceblanche ou Blanc - Doux ( dans le Libournais et la Dordogne ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Blanquette” blanquette, Muscade (Loupiac), Colle-Musquette (Sainte-Croix-du-Mont), Clairette dorée (Midi)
Jullien (1816) praised the blanquette for clear, mellow white wines that kept a long time, while Franck (1845) found its wine soft and common. Cocks and Féret wrote in 1874 that it seems to be a variety of the Chasselas; in 1893 they describe a Blanquette with the local names Muscade at Loupiac and Colle-Musquette at Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, names that VIVC lists under the Muscadelle. VIVC also lists BLANQUETTE under Colombard and Mauzac. The candidates are a Chasselas, the Muscadelle, the Colombard, or the Mauzac, and the case is open; the ‘Grosse-Blanquette’ of the same books is the Enrageat, the Folle Blanche.
Points to: Chasselas, Muscadelle, Colombard, Mauzac
“This grape appears to be a variety of the Chasselas; it gives a flat, common wine in abundance.”
Ce cépage paraît être une variété du Chasselas; il produit en abondance un vin plat et commun.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Blanquette, Muscade (at Loupiac). Colle-Musquette (at Sainte-Croix-du-Mont).”
Blanquette , Muscade ( à Loupiac ) . Colle - Musquette ( à Sainte - Croix - du - Mont ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Bouchet” Gros-Bouchet, Petit Bouchet, Bouchet-Sauvignon, Bouchy
In the Saint-Émilion country the books use bouchet for the cabernets: Cocks and Féret (1868) give Bouchet-sauvignon for the Cabernet-Sauvignon there, their 1874 edition gives Gros-Bouchet for the gros cabernet, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) wrote that Saint-Émilion calls Bouchet both Vidures of the Graves. VIVC lists BOUCHET, GROS BOUCHET, and BOUCHY under Cabernet Franc, and BOUCHET, BOUCHET SAUVIGNON, and PETIT BOUCHET under Cabernet Sauvignon, so the bare name fits either cabernet. A spelling trap sits beside it: Bouschet is the family of the Bouschets’ red-fleshed crosses, and Féret (1908) records that Saint-Émilion also called the cabernets ‘bouschet’. With ‘gros’ the name leans to Cabernet Franc, with ‘petit’ or ‘sauvignon’ to Cabernet Sauvignon; alone, it stays open.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Bouschet
“In the Saint-Émilion vineyard, both Vidures of our Graves are called Bouchet, and so both Cabernets of the Médoc, which we know to be the same.”
Dans le vignoble de Saint - Émillion , on nomme Bouchet les deux Vidures de nos Graves et par conséquent les deux Cabernets du Médoc que nous savons être les mêmes
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 “Gros-Bouchet (at Saint-Émilion and in most of the arrondissement of Libourne).”
Gros-Bouchet (à Saint-Émilion et dans la majeure partie de l’arrondissement de Libourne).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Bouton-Blanc” Bouton blanc, Verdot-Bouton-Blanc
Cocks and Féret (1874) wrote ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ for a grape that likes cool soil and gives a deeply colored wine; in 1893 they used Bouton-Blanc again as a name of the Fer in the canton of La Brède, and their 1922 edition has a ‘Verdot-Bouton-Blanc’ among the verdots. VIVC lists BOUTON BLANC under Saint-Macaire, Béquignol Noir, and Carmenère. The name refers to a pale shoot tip, not to the berry, and several black grapes carry it. Without a second name beside it, it stays open.
Points to: Saint-Macaire, Béquignol Noir, Carmenère
“Bouton-Blanc or Saint-Macaire.”
Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Bouton-Blanc (in the canton of La Brède).”
Bouton - Blanc ( dans le canton de La Brède ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Breton” plant breton
The Gironde writers took breton from the comte Odart: d’Armailhacq (1855) reports that the gros cabernet is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) repeat it among the names of the gros cabernet. In the same 1855 book, though, d’Armailhacq suspects that Odart calls the cabernet-sauvignon breton. VIVC lists BRETON under Cabernet Franc and also under Béquignol Noir. Most texts point to Cabernet Franc, the 1855 doubt keeps the name open, and the word is also the ordinary one for a person from Brittany.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Béquignol Noir
“it is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire”
on l'appelle breton dans la Vienne et l'Indre-et-Loire
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “Could it be that the comte Odart confuses the carmenère with the gros cabernet, and calls the cabernet-sauvignon breton? That seems likely.”
Ne serait-ce pas que M. le comte Odart confond la carmenère avec le gros cabernet, et appelle breton te cabernet-sauvignon; cela parait probable
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Open
“Cabernet” cabernet (alone)
Cabernet alone is everywhere in the Gironde books, and it covered 2 vines. D’Armailhacq (1855) opens with ‘the cabernet or carmenet’, meaning the gros cabernet, and treats the cabernet-sauvignon in a chapter of its own, while Petit-Lafitte (1868) speaks of both Cabernets of the Médoc. With no qualifier the word can mean Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, or both together, and the hub keeps it as written, with no modern name added.
Points to: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc
“The cabernet or carmenet is called grosse-vidure around Bordeaux, and by M. de Secondat grosse vigne dure des Graves.”
Le cabernet ou carmenet est appelé dans les environs de Bordeaux yrosse-vidure ; par M. de Secondât, grosse vigne dure des Graves
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Open
“Cahors”
Cocks and Féret (1874) give Cahors, with Mauzat and Gros-Noir, as names of the Malbec in the Bazadais, the canton of Podensac, and around Bordeaux; in 1893 they give Cahors in the Blayais as a name of the Jurançon noir, and Viala and Vermorel (1902), after Daurel, repeat Cahors (Blayais) for that grape. VIVC lists CAHORS under both Cot and Jurançon Noir. In a list of the vines of the Bassin d’Arcachon (Cocks and Féret, 1893) the cahors appears with no clue to which is meant. The name means the Malbec in one part of the Gironde and the Jurançon Noir in another, so it stays open.
Points to: Malbec, Jurançon Noir
“Mauzat, Gros-Noir, Cahors (in the arrondissement of Bazas, in the canton of Podensac and around Bordeaux).”
Mauzat, Gros-Noir, Cahors (dans l’arrondissement de Bazas, dans le canton de Podensac et aux environs de Bordeaux).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Cahors (in the Blayais).”
Cahors ( dans le Blayais ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Carbouet” Carbenet (Franck 1845)
Cocks and Féret moved this name between 3 grapes: in 1868 Carbouet is the Graves name of the Carmenère, and in 1874 it is a name of the Cabernet-Sauvignon in the Bazadais and the cantons of La Brède and Podensac, and also of the gros cabernet in La Brède and the Bazadais, with the warning that it is given to other varieties of the cabernet too. Franck (1845) gives the similar Carbenet to the Carmenère in the Graves. VIVC lists CARBOUET under Cabernet Franc. The name belongs to the cabernet family, and the texts disagree on which member.
Points to: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Carmenère
“Carbouet (in the Bazadais and the cantons of La Brède and Podensac). This name is also given to other varieties of the cabernet.”
Garbouet (dans le Bazadais et les cantons de la Brède et de Podensac). Ce nom est aussi donné à d’autres variétés du cabernet.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Third: the Cabernelle or Carmenère (in the Médoc); Carbouet (in the graves).”
3º La Cabernelle ou Carmenère ( en Médoc ) ; Carbouet ( en graves ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Likely
“Carmenère” Cabernelle, Carmenelle, Grande-Vidure (1922)
Jullien (1816) and Franck (1824) list the carmenère among the leading red grapes of the Gironde, and d’Armailhacq (1855), in a chapter headed ‘De la Cabernelle ou Carmenère’, separates it from both cabernets by its slightly oval berries, red pedicels, and frequent 3 seeds; Cocks and Féret follow him from 1868 to 1922. VIVC holds Carmenère as its own grape (prime name CARMENERE, with CABERNELLE and CARMENELLE), but also lists CARMENERE among the synonyms of Cabernet Franc, and Franck (1845) gave it the confusing names grosse Vidure and ‘grand Carmenet ou Sauvignon’. The Gironde descriptions point to today’s Carmenère; the catalog’s second entry keeps the status at likely.
Points to: Carmenère, Cabernet Franc
“one cannot confuse the carmenère with the cabernets; it shows 2 marks that allow no mistake: first, the shape of the berries, which are slightly oval instead of round”
on ne peut confondre la carmenère avec les cabernets ; elle offre deux caractères qui ne permettent aucune méprise : c'est d'abord la forme des baies, qui sont un peu ovales, au lieu d'être rondes
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Open
“Carmenet” Carmenet-Blanc, grand Carmenet (Franck 1845)
For Franck (1824), ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’ was one of the best red grapes of the Gironde; d’Armailhacq (1855) uses carmenet as another name of the gros cabernet, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) list Carmenet among the Médoc names of the Gros-Cabernet or Cabernet-Franc. VIVC lists CARMENET under both Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, and Franck (1845) calls the Carmenère the grand Carmenet. Modern ampelographers also use Carmenet for the whole group of Bordeaux cabernets (Bisson’s eco-geographic group, as cited in a lecture by José Vouillamoz). In the 19th-century Médoc books it is mostly a name of the gros cabernet, but the other uses keep it open.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère
“The Carmenet or the petite Vidure. Smooth leaf, lightly toothed; berry medium, round, a little apart; color bright and black; taste pleasant.”
Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure. Feuille glabre, peu dentelée; le grain moyen, rond, un peu séparé; la couleur brillante et noire; le goût agréable.
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “Second: Gros-Cabernet or Carmenet (in the Médoc).”
2o Gros-Gabernet ou Carmenet (en Médoc).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Settled
“Castets” Nicouleau
Cocks and Féret (1886, 1893) tell the grape’s own story: made known by Dr Guilbert and formerly called Nicouleau in the canton of Saint-Macaire, it had been grown on a large scale for about 20 years by M. Castets, a road surveyor, who gave it his name. VIVC holds CASTETS as a distinct grape with NICOULEAU among its synonyms. In a vine context the identity is settled; the same word is also a family name and the name of the communes of Castets and Castets-en-Dorthe.
Points to: Castets
“has been grown on a large scale for about 20 years by M. Castets, road surveyor, who gave it his name.”
est cultivé en grand depuis vingt ans environ par M. Cas- tets , agent voyer , qui lui a donné son nom .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Chalosse blanche” grosse Chalosse blanche, Grosse-Chalosse blanche, chalosse, chalosse-dorée (1832)
Jullien (1816) named la chalosse among the white grapes of Langon and the Graves; Franck (1845) and Cocks and Féret (1868) describe a common grosse Chalosse blanche with big, long bunches of oblong, loose berries, and from 1874 Cocks and Féret treat it as a variety of the Prueras or Prunelat, itself called Chalosse in parts of the Gironde. VIVC has no grape named Chalosse Blanche and lists CHALOSSE BLANCHE as a synonym of both Folle Blanche and Pruéras. Viala and Vermorel (1902) add a third reading, Chalosse de Bordeaux as a name of the Blanc Ramé. Chalosse is also a district of the Landes, and the identity stays open.
Points to: Folle Blanche, Pruéras
“The grosse Chalosse blanche: big, long bunches, oblong, loose fruit; a soft wine of little body, but of fine color.”
La grosse Chalosse blanche; grappes grosses et longues , fruits oblongs et détachés; vin mou et de peu de corps, mais de belle couleur.
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.), 1845 “VARIETY: Grosse-Chalosse blanche, with big, long bunches and oblong, long berries.”
VARIÉTÉ : Grosse - Chalosse blanche à GRAPPES grosses et longues et à GRAINS oblongs et longs .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Chalosse noire” petite Chalosse noire, Petite-Chalosse noire, petite-chalosse-noire (1832), Chalosse-Noire (Bas-Médoc, 1893)
From Franck (1824) to Cocks and Féret (1922), the petite Chalosse noire is a productive black grape with huge bunches of large oblong berries, also kept for the winter table; d’Armailhacq (1855) says only small proprietors dared to plant it. VIVC holds Chalosse Noire as its own grape, an offspring of Gouais Blanc by DNA markers, but it also lists CHALOSSE NOIRE under Béquignol Noir, Fer, and Jurançon Noir, and CHALOSSE PETITE NOIRE under Cot. Cocks and Féret (1893) themselves give Chalosse-Noire as the Bas-Médoc name of the Fer. The descriptions fit a distinct grape, yet with 4 other claimants in the catalog the case stays open.
Points to: Chalosse Noire, Béquignol Noir, Jurançon Noir, Malbec
“The petite Chalosse noire. This kind ripens very well in this department. Its oblong berries are very large and make small clusters that together form very big bunches.”
La petite Chaiosse noire. Cette espèce mûrit trèsbien dans ce département. Ses grains oblongs, sont très-gros et composent des grappillons qui forment par leur réunion de très-grosses grappes.
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “Chalosse-Noire (in the Bas-Médoc).”
Chalosse - Noire ( dans le Bas - Médoc ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Charge-fort”
Raimond Boireau, in his 1892 Culture de la vigne, names the charge-fort among the abundant grapes of the department’s common wines, and no other Gironde book does. Its name, ‘bears heavily’, is its only description. Modern synonym lists give Charge-fort as a name of the Jurançon Noir, but no historical source and no VIVC passport confirms it, and it stays open.
Points to: Jurançon Noir
“Chalosse, jurançon, penouille, fer, maussein, charge-fort, pignon, mercier, amaroye.”
Chalosse, jurancon, penouille, fer, maussein, charge- fort, pignon, mercier, amaroye.
Raimond Boireau, Culture de la vigne : traitement pratique des vins : vinification, distillation, 1892 -
Open
“Cioutat” Coutat, Cioutas, Persillé, Persillade
Jullien (1816) named the cioutas, with the chasselas, as rare in the Gironde, and Franck (1824) described the Cioutat, called in the department the Persillé or, in patois, the Persillade, by its leaves cut into 5 parts like parsley. That leaf is the mark of the Chasselas Cioutat, the cut-leaf form of the white Chasselas. Yet Jullien and Franck both list it among the red grapes, and Jullien’s 1832 edition still places it among the reds of the lesser crus. The leaf points to the Chasselas and the color does not, so the identity stays open.
Points to: Chasselas
“The Cioutat, called in this department the Persillé or, in patois, the Persillade. It is known by its palmate leaves, cut into 5 parts”
Le Cioutat , nommé dans ce département le Persillé ou en patois la Persillade. Il est remarquable par ses feuilles palmées et laciniées en cinq pièces
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “the cioutas and the chasselas. These last 2 are rare in the department.”
le doutas et le chasselas. Ces deux derniers sont rares dans le département.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Colle” la Colle
The abbé Bellet, traveling through Guyenne in 1736, named la Colle among the white grapes of Cadillac; his manuscript is known through Auguste Petit-Lafitte, who reported it in La vigne dans le Bordelais (1868) and said the name was unknown in his day. At nearby Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, Cocks and Féret (1893) give Colle-Musquette as a name of a Blanquette, and VIVC lists COLLE MUSQUETTE and CADILLAC among the names of the Muscadelle. No source links Bellet’s Colle to either, so it stays open.
“He also cites, among the whites of Cadillac, the Colle. These names are unknown today.”
Il cite aussi , parmi les blancs de Cadillac , la Colle . Ces noms sont au- jourd'hui inconnus .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Open
“Corinthe”
Only André Jullien, in the 1816 first edition of his Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, names le corinthe among the white grapes most cultivated in the Gironde. Corinthe is a name for small seedless grapes, and Jullien does not say which one he saw. No other Gironde source describes it, and its identity is unknown.
“the malvoisie, the blanquette, the auba, the corinthe, the folle blanche or enrageat”
le malvoisie y la blanquette , Vauba ,\e corinthe 3 la folle blanche ou enrageai
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Coyne”
Cocks and Féret list the Coyne in 1874 and again in 1893 among the grapes, more or less common, that were disappearing little by little from the Gironde vineyards. They give no description, and no other source names it. Its identity is unknown.
“more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac.”
plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Cruchinet” Doux-Same, chausset, chauché, cruchinet-rouge (1832), cruchinet-blanc (1832)
Franck (1824, 1845) lists the cruchinet among the red grapes of common wines; d’Armailhacq (1855), writing ‘le chausset, ou cruchinet’, calls it a very good grape with small, oval, crunchy berries, and Victor Rendu (1857) reports it being propagated at Château Lafite for its bouquet. Petit-Lafitte (1868), relying on Secondat (1785), treats it as a variety of the Malbec, while Cocks and Féret (1893) give ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’ at Saint-Loubès among the names of the Fer, and VIVC lists CHAUSSET under Béquignol Noir. The color is unsettled too: Jullien (1816) places the cruchinet among the white grapes of the Graves, his 1832 edition has a red and a white cruchinet, and VIVC lists CRUCHINET under the white Chenin Blanc, so the case is open on every count.
Points to: Malbec, Béquignol Noir, Chenin Blanc
“The chausset, or cruchinet, is a very good grape; it is small, with an oval, fleshy berry that crunches under the tooth.”
Le chausset, ou cruchinet, est un très-bon raisin; il est petit, a la graine ovale est charnue, croquante sous la dent.
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “the chalosse-dorée, the white cruchinet, and the blanc-muscat.”
la chalosse-dorée, le cru- chinet-blanc et le blanc-muscat.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (3e éd.), 1832 -
Open
“Durac”
Cocks and Féret list the Durac in 1874 and 1893 among the grapes disappearing little by little from the Gironde, with no description. The spelling is close to Duras, a red grape of the Tarn, but no source makes that link, and a close spelling is no evidence. Its identity is unknown.
“more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac.”
plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Settled
“Enrageat” Enrageat blanc, Enrageât, Enrageade, Pique-poux, Piquepout, Grosse-Blanquette
Jullien (1816) already wrote ‘la folle blanche ou enrageât’, and Cocks and Féret (1868) set the Gironde Enrageat beside the Folle-Blanche of Cognac and the Piquepout of the Gers and the Armagnac as one grape; Petit-Lafitte (1868) promised to show that the 3 names were the same. VIVC lists ENRAGEAT and ENRAGEAT BLANC under Folle Blanche only. For the white Enrageat the sources agree, and the name means Folle Blanche. The colored Enrageat noir and Enrageat rouge are other grapes (see Folle noire).
Points to: Folle Blanche
“The folle blanche or enrageat gives green, hard wines, fairly strong, but quick to spoil”
La folle blanche ou enrageât donne des vins verts, durs, assez spiritueux, mais prompts à s’altérer
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 “Eighth: Enrageat (in most of the Gironde); Folle-Blanche (around Cognac); Piquepout or Piquepouille”
8 ° Enrageat ( dans la plus grande partie de la Gironde ) ; Folle - Blanche ( dans les environs de Cognac ) ; Piquepout ou Piquepouille
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Open
“Fer” fer, Fer Servandon (Tarn-et-Garonne)
The Fer of the Gironde books is a black grape grown at Macau, in the canton of Carbon-Blanc and, as Béquignol, on the right bank of the Garonne (Cocks and Féret, 1874); in 1893 the same authors attach to it Camerouge, Mauron, Negrotte, Chausset, and Chalosse-Noire, names that VIVC lists under Béquignol Noir. VIVC also holds FER as a distinct grape, the Fer Servadou of the Southwest, and lists FER again under Cabernet Franc and Gros Verdot. Cocks and Féret (1922) add ‘Fer Servandon’ as a Tarn-et-Garonne name of the Cabernet-Franc. The Gironde synonyms lean toward Béquignol Noir, but no source settles which grape it was.
Points to: Béquignol Noir, Fer, Cabernet Franc, Gros Verdot
“Mauron or Maouron (at Pessac). Chalosse-Noire (in the Bas-Médoc). Negrotte (in the canton of Pauillac).”
Mauron ou Maouron ( à Pessac ) . Chalosse - Noire ( dans le Bas - Médoc ) . Negrotte ( dans le canton de Pauillac ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 “Fer Servandon (in the Tarn-et-Garonne).”
Fer Servandon ( dans le Tarn - et - Garonne ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Folle noire” Folle-Noire, Enrageat noir, Enrageat rouge, Dame-Noire, Plant des Dames, folle rouge, Dégoûtant
Cocks and Féret (1874) found a little folle noire in the peasant vineyards of Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes, and in 1893 described an ‘Enrageat noir, ou Folle-Noire’ as a grape apart from their Jurançon noir; Viala and Vermorel (1902) also keep a Folle noire apart from the Petit Noir, their Jurançon, and report from Dupré de Saint-Maur that it was once widespread in the Agenais and the Libournais. VIVC, on the other side, lists FOLLE NOIRE, DAME NOIRE, ENRAGEAT NOIR, and ENRAGEAT ROUGE under Jurançon Noir, while ENRAGEAT ROUGE also appears under Béquignol Noir and FOLLE ROUGE under Fer. The old books see 2 grapes where the catalog sees one, and the case stays open.
Points to: Jurançon Noir, Béquignol Noir
“In the peasant crus the malbec makes up nearly 2/3 of the planting, and one finds a little folle noire.”
Dans les crûs paysans le malbec forme près des 2/3 de l’encépagement et on trouve un peu de folle noire.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “According to the accounts of Dupré de Saint-Maur, the Folle noire was very widespread in the Agenais and the Libournais.”
D'après les récits de Dupré de Saint-Maur, la Folle noire était très répandue dans l'Agenais et le Libournais.
Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902 -
Open
“Grande vidure” Grande-Vidure, grande vigne dure (Secondat)
Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition gives Grande-Vidure as a name of the Carmenère, explaining that vidure means ‘vigne dure’, hard vine, and VIVC lists GRANDE VIDURE under Carmenère; that is the modern use. But d’Armailhacq (1855) reports that Secondat gave the name grande vigne dure to the gros cabernet, and that this is exactly what it was called around Bordeaux, and he corrected Odart for giving it to the carmenère. Jullien (1816) wrote of ‘la grande et la petite vidure’ without saying which grapes he meant. The name leans to Carmenère in modern use and to Cabernet Franc in the 1855 Médoc, so it stays open.
Points to: Carmenère, Cabernet Franc
“Third: Carmenère, Carmenelle, Cabernelle, or Grande-Vidure (vidure means hard vine, vitis dura).”
3ª Carmenère , Carmenelle , Cabernelle ou Grande - Vidure ( vidure veut dire vigne dure , vitis dura ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 “M. de Secondat gives the name grande vigne dure to the gros cabernet we have described, and that is exactly what it is called around Bordeaux”
M. de Secondât donne le nom de grande vigne dure au gros cabernet, dont nous avons parlé, et c'est ainsi qu'on l'appelle positivement aux environs de Bordeaux
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Open
“Grapput” grapput, Grappu, graput, Gros Grappu, Graput (Sainte-Bazeille)
From 1874 Cocks and Féret use Grapput for a very productive, very common black grape of the arrondissements of Bordeaux and Libourne, which they equate with the Bouchalès of La Réole and Bazas; in 1922 they write ‘le Grapput ou Bouchalès’. But their 1868 edition calls the verdot-colon graput in the palus, and Viala and Vermorel (1902), after Daurel, give Gros Grappu (Ambarès) and Grappu (Quimac) as names of the Petit Noir, the Jurançon. VIVC lists GRAPPU and GRAPPUT under Bouchalès, and GRAPPU and GROS GRAPPUT under Jurançon Noir. From 1874 on the Gironde usage favors the Bouchalès, but the earlier and parallel uses keep the name open.
Points to: Bouchalès, Jurançon Noir, Gros Verdot
“Grapput (in the arrondissements of Bordeaux and Libourne). Bouchalès or boucharès (in a large part of the arrondissements of La Réole and Bazas). A very productive, very common grape.”
Grapput (dans l’arrondissement de Bordeaux et de Libourne). Bouchalés ou boucharés (dans une grande partie des arrondisements de La Réole et de Bazas). Cépage très-productif et très-commun.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “The verdot-colon, called graput (in the palus), is a grape little different from the others, very productive, but much inferior in quality.”
Le verdot - colon , appelé graput ( en palus ) , est un cépage peu différent des autres , très productif , mais très inférieur comme qualité .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Open
“Gros cabernet” Gros-Cabernet, cabernet (gros)
In the Médoc books the gros cabernet is the larger of the 2 cabernets: d’Armailhacq (1855) gives it the names grosse-vidure, Secondat’s grosse vigne dure des Graves, and Odart’s breton, véronais, and arrouya, and Cocks and Féret (1922) write ‘Gros-Cabernet ou Cabernet-Franc’; VIVC lists GROS CABERNET among the synonyms of Cabernet Franc. Today Gros Cabernet is also the name of a distinct grape (VIVC 22758), shown by DNA markers to be a parent of Castets and proposed as a parent of Carmenère (Boursiquot et al., 2009). No book before 1950 describes that second vine, so the old gros cabernet reads as Cabernet Franc in context, yet the shared name keeps it open.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Gros Cabernet
“Second: Gros-Cabernet or Cabernet-Franc (in the Médoc).”
2 ° Gros - Cabernet ou Cabernet - Franc ( en Médoc ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 “according to the comte Odart, it is known in several other departments under different names; it is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire”
selon le comte Odart , il est connu dans plusieurs autres départements sous différents noms ; on l'appelle breton dans la Vienne et l'Indre-et-Loire
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Likely
“Gros noir” Gros-Noir
D’Armailhacq (1855) gives gros noir and mausat, near Bordeaux, among the many local names of the malbec, and Cocks and Féret (1874) list Gros-Noir, with Mauzat and Cahors, as Malbec names in the Bazadais, the canton of Podensac, and around Bordeaux. VIVC lists GROS NOIR under Cot, but also under Teinturier and Camaraou Noir, and holds a separate grape named GROS NOIR (41169) that nothing ties to the Gironde. In the Gironde books the name belongs only to the Malbec, so it is likely the Malbec there.
Points to: Malbec
“gourdoux, at Ludon; gros noir and mausat, near Bordeaux.”
gourdoux , à Ludon ; gros noir et mausat, près de Bordeaux.
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 -
Open
“Grosse vidure” grosse-vidure, Grosse-Vidure, grosse vigne dure des Graves
D’Armailhacq (1855) says the cabernet or carmenet, his gros cabernet, is called grosse-vidure around Bordeaux, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) give Grosse-Vidure as its Graves name. Franck (1824, 1845), on the other hand, writes ‘La Carmenère ou la grosse Vidure’. VIVC lists GROSSE VIDURE under both Cabernet Franc and Carmenère. The name is also easy to confuse with grande vidure, today’s name for Carmenère, and it stays open.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Carmenère
“The Carmenère or the grosse Vidure. The bunch of this kind is big, long, and looser than that of the one before”
La Carmenère ou la grosse Vidure. La grappe de cette espèce est grosse, longue et plus espacée que celle de la précédente
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “Grosse-Vidure (in the Graves)”
Grosse-Vidure (dans les Graves)
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Here ou tête noire” here, tête noire
Jullien (1816) names ‘la here ou tête noire’ among the main grapes of the Bourg vineyards, with the mancin, both vidures, and the malbek, and gives no description. Cocks and Féret (1893) give ‘Ayre ou Hère’ as the Capian name of the Panereuil, and VIVC lists HERE under Gros Verdot, Fer, and Béquignol Noir. No source ties Jullien’s grape to any of these, so it stays open.
Points to: Gros Verdot, Fer, Béquignol Noir
“The vineyards of Bourg are planted mainly with the mancin, both vidures, the malbek, and the here or tête noire.”
Les vignobles de Bourg sont principalement peuplés par le mancin, les deux vidures 3 le malbek et la here ou tête noire.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Hourcat” Balouzat ou Hourcat (graves)
Cocks and Féret describe, from 1868 to 1893, a grape called ‘Balouzat ou Hourcat’ in the Graves and Prolongeau in the Blayais and Bourgeais, with round leaves, short reddish wood, and tight bunches; in 1893 they find it closer in look to the Grapput and the Petit-Fer than to the Béquignol, and in 1922 they write that they believe the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer. Their own Malbec synonym lists of 1874 and 1922 also include Hourcat, and VIVC lists HOURCAT under Cot. Petit-Fer, in turn, is a name of the Cabernet Franc at Libourne and, in VIVC, of the Béquignol Noir. The candidates are the Malbec, the Bouchalès, or a Petit-Fer, and the case is open.
Points to: Malbec, Bouchalès, Béquignol Noir, Cabernet Franc
“but in appearance the Hourcat is much closer to the Grapput and the Petit-Fer than to the Béquignol.”
mais le Hourcat présente comme aspect beaucoup plus d'analogie avec le Grapput et le Petit - Fer qu'avec le Béquignol .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 “The names Hourcat and Balouzat are also given to the Prolongeau. We believe that the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer.”
Le nom de Hourcat et de Balouzat est également donné au Prolon- geau . Nous croyons que le Hourcat est le Petit - Fer .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Malaga” malaga noir, malaga gris, malaga (blanc)
Jullien (1816) opens his list of the red grapes most cultivated in the Gironde with ‘le muscat noir et gris, le malaga noir et gris’, and names le malaga among the whites as well. No other Gironde source describes a malaga. For the white there is one lead: Cocks and Féret (1893) give Malaga, in the Lot, as a name of the Sémillon, and VIVC lists MALAGA among the synonyms of Sémillon. Nothing confirms that Jullien meant it, and the black and gray malagas have no lead at all.
Points to: Sémillon
“The plants most generally cultivated are, in red: the black and gray muscat, the black and gray malaga”
Les plants le plus généralement cultivés, sont, en rouge : le muscat noir et gris, le malaga noir et gris
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Malvoisie”
Jullien (1816) lists the malvoisie among the Gironde whites and at Pontac and praises its fine, very mellow, long-keeping wine; Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) record it in white plantings of the Entre-deux-Mers, and in 1893 they class it with the table grapes grown in the Gironde. In France malvoisie has been given to many unrelated grapes (VIVC lists it, for example, under Savagnin), and no Gironde source says which one grew there. It stays open.
“The malvoisie gives wines of a clear color; they are fine, very mellow, and keep a long time.”
Le malvoisie donne des vins d’une couleur nette ; ils sont fins, très-moelleux, et se conservent long-temps.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 “Much grown as table grapes in the Gironde are the Chasselas, the Malvoisie”
On cultive beaucoup comme raisins de table dans la Gironde le Chasselas , la Malvoisie
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Mancin-colon” Mancin - Colon, colon
Cocks and Féret list the Mancin-colon in 1874, 1893, and 1922: a very productive, short-lived grape with large berries and long winged bunches, giving common wine and grown only in the palus. Boireau (1892) lists ‘Mancen, petit et gros mancen, colon’ together. VIVC lists COLON and VERDOT COLON under Gros Verdot, and no passport carries MANCIN COLON. The name joins the mancin and the colon; the candidates are a large form of the Mancin or the Gros Verdot, and it stays open.
Points to: Gros Verdot, Mancin
“Very productive. Common wine. This grape does not live long. It is grown only in the palus.”
Très productif . VIN commun . Ce cépage ne vit pas longtemps . N'est cultivé que dans les palus .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 “Mancen, small and large mancen, colon. (Ripening very difficult.)”
Mancen, petit et gros mancen, colon. (Maturité tres difficile.)
Raimond Boireau, Culture de la vigne : traitement pratique des vins : vinification, distillation, 1892 -
Open
“Marolle”
Only M. du Puits de Maconex, in his Guide du propriétaire de vigne (1850), names the Marolle, in his list of the black grapes of the Gironde: very vigorous, very productive after 8 to 10 years of planting, mid-season, pruned long. No other source and no VIVC passport identifies it, and elsewhere in the books Marolles is a family name. Its identity is unknown.
“Very productive, after 8 to 10 years of planting.”
Très-productif, après S à 10 ans de plantation.
M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, 1850 -
Open
“Massoutet” Massouquet, Machouquet, Maton, Petit-Massoutet, Gros-Massoutet, massoulet (OCR, 1832)
For the 18th and early 19th centuries the massoutet looks like Pinot: Petit-Lafitte (1868) quotes Secondat (1785) that vines sent from Nuits and Beaune turned out to be massoutet, called Pineau there and Auvernat franc at Orléans, and reports the abbé Bellet’s ‘Maton ou Massoutet’ (1736); Franck (1824) ranks it among the best red grapes of the department, and VIVC lists MASSOUTET under Pinot Noir. Cocks and Féret (1893) then attach to it Machouquet, Grande-Parde, Petite-Parde or Pardotte, and a large-berried Gros-Massoutet, and VIVC lists MACHOUQUET under both Castets and Pardotte. The early massoutet points to Pinot Noir and the late 19th-century one to a cluster of local grapes, so the name stays open.
Points to: Pinot Noir, Castets, Pardotte
“It is also the most esteemed kind at Orléans, where it is called Auvernat franc; at Nuits and Beaune it is called Pineau.”
C'est aussi l'espèce la plus estimée à Orléans , où elle est appelée Auvernat franc ; à Nuits et à Beaune , on l'appelle Pineau . »
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 “Massoutet or Machouquet. Petit-Massoutet or Massouquet or Grande-Parde, in the canton of La Brède (Gironde).”
Massoutet ou Machouquet . - Petit - Massoutet ou Massouquet ou Grande - Parde , dans le canton de La Brède ( Gironde ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Mercier” Le Mercier
Cocks and Féret (1868) name le Mercier among grapes found in the department in such small quantity that they would only name them, and Boireau (1892) lists the mercier among the abundant grapes of common Gironde wines. Neither describes it, and no source identifies it. Mercier is also a common surname and place name in the same books, so only these lists count. Its identity is unknown.
“but in such small quantity that we shall only name them: the Mercier, the Prunaley, the Saint-Macaire”
mais en si petite quantité que nous ne ferons que les nommer ; ce sont : Le Mercier , Le Prunaley , Le Saint - Macaire
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Likely
“Mourtaou”
Cocks and Féret name the Mourtaou in 1874 and 1893 only in their lists of grapes disappearing little by little from the Gironde, with no description. VIVC lists MOURTAOU and MOURTAU among the synonyms of Mancin, and no other VIVC passport carries it. The link rests on the catalog alone, so the status is likely.
Points to: Mancin
“more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac.”
plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Likely
“Muscadet” Muscadet-Doux, Muscadet doux, muscadet-doux ou rèsinote (1832)
In Gironde texts muscadet belongs to the Muscadelle: Petit-Lafitte (1868) gives Muscadet and Muscadet doux among the Gironde names of the Muscadelle, Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) give Muscadet-Doux with Musquette and Raisinotte, and VIVC lists MUSCADET under Muscadelle. The risk lies outside the department: the Muscadet of the Loire-Inférieure is the Melon, and VIVC also lists MUSCADET under Trebbiano Toscano. In a Bordeaux context the name is likely the Muscadelle.
Points to: Muscadelle
“The following names are also given to the Muscadelle. In the Gironde: Muscadet, Musquette, Muscade, Muscadet doux, Raisinote, Angelico.”
Les noms suivants sont encore donnés à la Muscadelle . Dans la Gironde Muscadet , Musquette , Muscade , Muscadet doux , Raisinote , Angelico .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 “Third: Musquette, Muscadet-Doux, Raisinotte, Angélicaut (in the Gironde);”
3º Musquette , Muscadet - Doux , Raisimotte , Angélicaut ( dans la Gironde ) ;
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 -
Open
“Muscat noir et gris” muscat noir, muscat gris
Jullien (1816) opens his list of the red grapes most generally cultivated in the Gironde with ‘le muscat noir et gris’. No other Gironde source describes a black or gray muscat grown for wine, and Jullien does not say which muscats he meant. They stay open.
“The plants most generally cultivated are, in red: the black and gray muscat”
Les plants le plus généralement cultivés, sont, en rouge : le muscat noir et gris
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Settled
“Noir de Pressac” Noir-de-Pressac, Nègre-Préchac, pressac
Franck (1824) heads his description ‘Le Malbeck ou noir de Pressac’, and Cocks and Féret (1874) give Noir-de-Pressac or Nègre-Préchac as the Malbec’s name in the arrondissement of Libourne and part of the Entre-deux-Mers. Every source puts the name on the Malbec, and VIVC lists NOIR DE PRESSAC and PRESSAC under Cot. The identity is settled: Malbec (Cot in the rules). Pressac is also a place name, so the word alone needs a vine context.
Points to: Malbec
“The Malbeck or noir de Pressac. Long bunch; oval berries, well spaced, very black; bunch and stalk reddish”
Le M atbeclL ou noir de Pressac. Grappe longue; grains ovales, espacés, très-noirs; la grappe et le pédicule rougeâtres
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “Noir-de-Pressac or Nègre-Préchac (in the arrondissement of Libourne and in part of the Entre-deux-Mers).”
Noir-de-Pressac ou Nègre^Préchac (dans l’arrondissement de Libourne et dans une partie de l'Entre-deux-Mers).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Oeil de perdrix” perdrigon
Only Jullien (1816) names l’oeil de perdrix, also as perdrigon, among the Gironde whites, and among the grapes of the Langon vineyards, with no description. No other source describes it, and its identity is unknown.
“The same grapes, to which must be added those called the chalosse and the oeil de perdrix, fill the vineyards of Langon.”
Les mêmes cépages auxquels il faut ajouter ceux dits la chalosse et Y oeil de perdrix 3 occupent les vignobles de Langon.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Palgarie” Pergarie
The abbé Bellet’s manuscript account of a journey through Guyenne in 1736 named a white ‘Palgarie ou Pergarie’ among the grapes of the Bordelais; Petit-Lafitte, who reported it in 1868, found the name unknown in his day. No other source uses it. Its identity is unknown.
“Except, however, the Palgarie or Pergarie among the whites of the Bordelais, and the Salfit among the reds.”
Excepté cependant le Palgarie ou Pergarie , parmi les blancs du Bordelais , le Salfit , parmi les rouges .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Open
“Panereuil” Queue-Rouge, Bois-Droit, Ayre (Capian), Hère (Capian), Petit-Fer (Périgord)
Cocks and Féret (1874) list ‘Panereuil ou Queue Rouge ou Bois-Droit’ among disappearing grapes and record it at Gabarnac; in 1893 they describe large, often double bunches of oblong berries that do not rot, full resistance to mildew, and ripening just after the Cabernet-Sauvignon, and add the names Ayre or Hère at Capian and Petit-Fer in the Périgord. VIVC lists HERE under Gros Verdot, Fer, and Béquignol Noir, and PETIT FER under Cabernet Franc, Béquignol Noir, and Fer; no passport carries PANEREUIL. These are echoes of names only, and the grape stays open.
Points to: Gros Verdot, Fer, Béquignol Noir
“Panereuil. Queue-Rouge or Bois-Droit. Ayre or Hère (at Capian). Petit-Fer (in the Périgord).”
Panereuil . - Queue - Rouge ou Bois - Droit . Ayre ou Hère ( à Capian ) . Petit - Fer ( en Périgord ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 “Ordinary red wines made from 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère, and panereuil”
Vins rouges ordinaires produits par 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère et panereuil
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Panse musquée”
Petit-Lafitte (1868) cites the Panse Musquée among the muscat-flavored whites, because the comte Odart placed it among the Muscats, and reports that the abbé Bellet (1736) found it rare in his time. No Gironde source describes it, and it stays open.
“The Panse Musquée must also be cited here, since the comte Odart places it among the Muscats. The abbé Bellet called it rare in his time.”
La Panse Musquée doit aussi être citée ici , puisque le comte Odart la place parmi les Muscats . L'abbé Bellet la disait rare de son temps .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Open
“Parde” Petite-Parde, Grande-Parde, grosse parde, Pardotte
The parde names wander across several grapes in Cocks and Féret: in 1868 and 1874 Parde is the Graves name of the Pignon, and 1874 adds Pardotte; in 1874 and 1922 Grande-Parde is also among the Malbec’s names; in 1893 Grande-Parde and Petite-Parde or Pardotte are names of the Massoutet, and Petite-Parde also names a grape that resembles the Machouquet and the Cabernet. VIVC holds PARDOTTE as a distinct grape whose synonyms include PARDE, PETITE PARDE, and PIGNON, and also lists PETITE PARDE under Cabernet Sauvignon. With Pignon beside it the name leans toward the Pardotte; alone, it stays open.
Points to: Pardotte, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon
“Tenth: Pignon (in the Médoc); Parde (in the graves).”
10 ° Pignon ( en Médoc ) ; Parde ( en graves ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 “Petite-Parde or Pardotte. The name is also given to a grape that has something of the Machouquet and of the Cabernet without being quite like either.”
Petite - Parde ou Pardotte . - On désigne aussi sous ce nom un cépage qui tient du Machouquet et du Cabernet sans être absolument semblable à ces cépages .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Penouille” Pelouille, Pelaouille, pétouille, Pelouye, fenouille, Pigue (a variety)
The Penouille is a large-berried, early, heavy-bearing black grape of the Médoc and Graves, described in nearly the same words from Franck (1824) to Cocks and Féret (1922): whitish leaves, very big pale berries, flat wine. Jullien (1816) wrote that the pétouille gives common wines without strength or color; d’Armailhacq (1855) found it at Margaux and noted that it ripened before the cabernets; Cocks and Féret (1874) tie Penouille (Médoc), Pelaouille (Graves) and its variety the Pigue together. No ampelography and no VIVC passport identifies it, and its modern identity is unknown.
“The penouille is a big grape that ripens before the cabernets, bears heavily, and would pay well if its quality matched its abundance”
La fenouiîh est un gros raisin qui mûrit avant les cabernets, charge beaucoup et serait avantageux si sa qualité était en rapport direct avec son abondance
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “Penouille (in the Médoc). Pelaouille (in the graves). Pigue, a variety of the Penouille with slightly more deeply cut leaves and slightly bigger berries.”
Penouille (en Médoc). Pelaouille ( en graves). Pigue, variété de la Penouille ayant ses feuilles un peu plus découpées et ses grains un peu plus gros.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Petit-Fer” Petit Fer, Chausset ou Petit-Fer (Saint-Loubès)
Petit-Fer moves more than most names in the Gironde books. Petit-Lafitte (1868) and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) give it as the name of the gros cabernet at Libourne and nearby communes; Cocks and Féret (1893) also give ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’ at Saint-Loubès among the names of the Fer, and Petit-Fer in the Périgord for the Panereuil; in 1922 they write that they believe the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer. VIVC lists PETIT FER under Cabernet Franc, Béquignol Noir, and Fer. Around Libourne the sources agree on the Cabernet Franc; elsewhere the name stays open.
Points to: Cabernet Franc, Béquignol Noir, Fer
“Petit-Fer (at Libourne and in a few neighboring communes).”
Petit-Fer (à Libourne et dans quelques communes voisines).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “We believe that the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer.”
Nous croyons que le Hourcat est le Petit - Fer .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Likely
“Pignon” Gros Pignon, Petit Pignon, Boutignon, Tripet, Courbin, Courbinotte, Sauvignon-Noir, pignou
D’Armailhacq (1855) and Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) describe the Pignon as a heavy-bearing, late, green-ripening black grape kept out of good vineyards, with a cloud of local names: Boutignon around Blaye, Parde and Pardotte in the Graves and the canton of Saint-Macaire, Tripet in the Bazadais, Courbin in the Entre-deux-Mers. Pierre Viala (1893) writes ‘Pignon ou Pardotte’, and Cocks and Féret (1893) report that Pulliat knew it as Sauvignon-Noir. VIVC holds PARDOTTE as a distinct grape and lists PIGNON, PARDE, TRIPET, COURBIN, and SAUVIGNON NOIR among its synonyms. The evidence points to the Pardotte, though Viala lists ‘Tripet ou Courbinotte’ as a separate grape, so the status is likely.
Points to: Pardotte
“The pignon is a big grape like the chalosse, which it resembles; though its berries are a little smaller, it bears even more”
Le pignon est un gros cépage comme la chalosse , avec lequel il a du rapport ; quoique les baies soient un peu moins grosses, il charge encore plus
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “Grapes very little attacked: Castets or Nicouleau, Pignon or Pardotte, Fer, Grapput, Tripet or Courbinotte”
Cépages trés peu attaqués : Castets ou Nicouleau, Pignon ou Pardotte, Fer, Grapput, Tripet ou Courbinotte
Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893 -
Open
“Piquepout” piquepout (red)
Cocks and Féret (1874) list a red Piquepout among grapes disappearing from the Gironde and record a third of piquepout in the red wines of Gabarnac; their 1893 edition repeats it in the red list. In the same books Piquepout is also the Gers and Armagnac name of the white Enrageat, the Folle Blanche. Modern synonym lists give Piquepout rouge as a name of the Jurançon Noir, but no source says which red grape the Gironde piquepout was, and it stays open.
Points to: Jurançon Noir
“Ordinary red wines made from 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère, and panereuil”
Vins rouges ordinaires produits par 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère et panereuil
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Prolongeau” Prolon- geau
Franck (1824) found the prolongeau in the poor soil of the Bourgeais. Cocks and Féret then attach it to 3 different grapes: in 1868 and 1874 it is the Blayais and Bourgeais name of the Balouzat or Hourcat; in 1893 it is the Blayais name of the Bouchalès; in 1922 it is among the Malbec’s names, with the remark that Hourcat and Balouzat are also given to the Prolongeau. VIVC lists PROLONGEAU under Bouchalès and also under Cot. The name stays open between the Bouchalès, the Malbec, and the lost Hourcat.
“the prolongeau in the poor soil, and the verdot in the palus.”
le Prolongeait, dans le terrain maigre, et le r erdot dans les palus.
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.), 1824 “Prolongeau (in the Blayais), Cujas, Gros-Marty, etc.”
Prolongeau ( dans le Blayais ) , Cujas , Gros - Marty , etc.
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Prunelas” Pruneley, Prunaley, Le Prunaley, Gros-de-Lacaze (Ambarès)
Cocks and Féret (1868) name le Prunaley among grapes found in very small quantity; in 1893 they describe a ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’ near Bordeaux and at Ambarès, give it the outside names Marocain, Cinsaut, Oeillade, and Plant d’Arles, and add that it ripens too late for the Bordeaux climate, which reads as the Cinsaut of the Midi. But the same 1893 book gives ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’ in the cantons of Cadillac and Créon as names of the Fer, their 1874 edition gives Prunelas as a Lot-et-Garonne name of the Mancin, and VIVC lists PRUNALET under Béquignol Noir. The hub has no Cinsaut page, and the name stays open; it is a different grape from the white Prunelat.
Points to: Béquignol Noir, Mancin
“Prunelas or Pruneley. Prunaley (around Bordeaux, canton of Carbon-Blanc). Gros-de-Lacaze (at Ambarès).”
Prunelas ou Pruneley . Prunaley ( aux environs de Bordeaux , canton du Carbon - Blanc ) . Gros - de - Lacaze ( à Ambarès ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 “Marocain (in the Charentes). Cinsaut (in the Hérault).”
Marocain ( dans les Charentes ) . Cinsaut ( dans l'Hérault ) .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Likely
“Prunelat” Prueras ou Prunelat, Pruèras ou Prunelat
Cocks and Féret (1868) write ‘Le Prueras ou Prunelat’ for a very productive white with thick, dull-green leaves and big, tasty berries, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) finds the Prunelat among Secondat’s white grapes with oval berries. VIVC lists PRUNELAT among the synonyms of Pruéras, a white grape of the Gironde. The caution concerns the Pruéras itself: Cocks and Féret (1893) also give it the Saintonge names Annereau or Blanc-Ramet, which point toward the Blanc Ramé that Viala and Vermorel (1902) found scattered in the Gironde. Prunelat is neither the Prunelard, the black parent of the Malbec, nor the black Prunelas.
Points to: Pruéras
“Seventh: the Prueras or Prunelat is a very productive grape; its leaf is thick and a dull green, its wood is gray”
7º Le Prueras ou Prunelat est un cépage très productif ; sa feuille est épaisse et d'un vert mat , son bois est gris
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 “We find this grape again, under the name Prunelat, in the 4th list given by M. de Secondat, among the white grapes with oval berries.”
Nous trouvons encore ce cépage , sous le nom de Prunelat , dans la quatrième liste donnée par M. de Secondat et parmi les raisins blancs à grains ovales .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Open
“Rochalin” Rochalin ou Blayais, Blayais
Franck (1845) describes the Rochalin as close to the Sauvignon but with bigger leaves, a less delicate taste, and late ripening; Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) write ‘Rochalin ou Blayais’, and Petit-Lafitte (1868), citing Secondat, treats it as a variety of the Sauvignon. But Franck also describes a separate Blayais that differs little from the Blanquette, and Blayais is also the name of the district. No VIVC passport carries ROCHALIN. The Sauvignon link rests on likeness only, and the identity stays open.
Points to: Sauvignon Blanc
“The Rochalin has something of the Sauvignon, but its leaves are bigger and its taste less delicate; ripening late, it fears frost.”
Le Rochalin a quelque rapport avec le Sauvignon, mais les feuilles en sont plus grandes et le goût moins délicat; mûrissant tard, il craint les gelées.
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.), 1845 “G. The Rochalin. This grape, mentioned by M. de Secondat, can be considered a variety of the Sauvignon”
G. Le Rochalin . Ce cépage , mentionné par M. de Secondat , peut être considéré comme une variété du Sauvignon
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Open
“Rousselet”
Only Jullien (1816) names le rousselet, among the grapes of the white wine of Pontac. In a 19th-century synonym index (Portes, 1886), Rousselet is a name of both the Grec rouge and the Savagnin, and nothing ties Jullien’s grape to either. Its identity is unknown.
“those of Pontac are made from the blanquette, the sauvignon, the sémillon, the rousselet, the malvoisie, and a few vines of folle blanche.”
ceux de Pontac sont le produit de la blanquette 3 du sauvignon 3 du semilion 3 du rousselet, de la malvoisie et de quelques plants de folle blanche.
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Likely
“Saint-Macaire” Le Saint - Macaire, Bouton-Blanc, Moustouzère, Moustouzères
Cocks and Féret name the Saint-Macaire from 1868 among minor red grapes, write ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ in 1874, and in 1893 ‘Saint-Macaire ou Bouton-Blanc ou Moustouzère’, a grape for cool soil giving abundant, very dark, soft, and very ordinary wine. VIVC holds SAINT MACAIRE as a distinct grape with BOUTON BLANC and MOUSTOUZERE among its synonyms, which matches the Gironde books. The one dissent is in the catalog itself, which also lists SAINT MACAIRE as a synonym of Merlot. The town and canton of Saint-Macaire fill the same books, so only a vine context counts.
Points to: Saint-Macaire, Merlot
“Saint-Macaire or Bouton-Blanc or Moustouzère. This grape likes cool soil. It gives in abundance a very colored, soft, and very ordinary wine.”
Saint - Macaire ou Bouton - Blanc ou Moustouzère . Ce cépage aime le terrain frais . Produit en abondance un vin très coloré , mou et très ordinaire .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Salfit”
The abbé Bellet (1736), as reported by Petit-Lafitte in 1868, named a red Salfit among the grapes of the Bordelais, full in dewy weather but otherwise without juice. Petit-Lafitte found the name unknown in his day, and no other source uses it. Its identity is unknown.
“the Salfit, among the reds. This last one is ‘full in dewy weather but otherwise without juice.’”
le Salfit , parmi les rouges . Ce dernier « < plein en temps de rosée mais autrement sans suc . »
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 -
Likely
“Sauvignon rose” Sauvignon - Rose
Cocks and Féret (1893) describe the Sauvignon rose as a variety of the white Sauvignon that differs only in the color of its grapes, and say a small share mixed with ordinary red grapes improves the wine; their 1922 edition lists Sauvignon-Rose among minor whites. VIVC lists SAUVIGNON ROSE among the synonyms of Sauvignon Gris, the pink-skinned form of Sauvignon Blanc allowed in Bordeaux today. Nothing in the sources argues against it, but the match rests on name and color, so the status is likely.
Points to: Sauvignon Gris
“Sauvignon rose. A variety of the white Sauvignon that differs from it only in the color of the grape.”
Sauvignon rose . Variété du Sauvignon blanc qui ne diffère de ce dernier que par la couleur du raisin .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Sursis”
The sursis appears once, in a Cubzadais commune entry of Cocks and Féret’s 1874 edition, as a red grape grown in the palus beside the verdot. There is no description, and no source identifies it. Its identity is unknown.
“[Vines:] 1/3 folle noire, cahors, saint-macaire (bouton-blanc), sursis, and verdot; these last 2 are found in the palus”
1/3 folle noire, cahors, saint-macaire (bouton-blanc), sursis et verdot; ces deux derniers se trouvent dans les palus
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Likely
“Tarney” Tarney-Coulant, Terny, tarnex, Coulant
Jullien (1816) lists the tarnex with the malbek among the Graves reds, Franck (1845) praises the tarney as a quick-ripening grape giving a ruby-colored wine, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) reports much Tarney at Château d’Issan, whose wine was called the ‘Rubis fondu d’Issan’. Cocks and Féret (1868) thought the tarney-coulant a variety of the mancin, and in 1874 they give Tarney or Terny (Margaux, Macau) and Coulant as names of the Mancin; VIVC lists TARNAY COULANT, TARNAY, and TERNY under Mancin. The descriptions do not fully agree, since the tarney ripens early while the Mancin of 1874 ripens very late, so the status is likely.
Points to: Mancin
“There is much Tarney at Château d’Issan: that cru is excellent too, and the wine has so fine a color that it is called the Rubis fondu d’Issan, the melted ruby of Issan.”
Il y a beaucoup de Tarney au château d'Issan : ce crû est excellent aussi , et le vin y a une si belle couleur , qu'on l'appelle le Rubis fondu d'Issan .
Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 “Tarney or Terny (at Margaux and Macau). Coulant (in different parts of the Médoc).”
Tarney ou Terny (à Margaux et à Macau). Coulant (dans différentes parties du Médoc).
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 -
Open
“Taupier”
Cocks and Féret (1886, 1893) describe the Taupier, with leaves like the Malbec’s and large, round, sweet berries ripening just after it, almost free of coulure, and fairly resistant to mildew, as grown and propagated for some years by R. Dezeimeris at Loupiac; their 1922 edition lists it again. No VIVC passport carries the name, which also occurs as a surname. Its identity is unknown.
“Taupier. Leaves like those of the Malbec, fairly downy underneath.”
Taupier . FEUILLES analogues à celles du Malbec , assez duvetées en dessous .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (5e éd.), 1886 “For some years it has been grown with success and propagated by M. R. Dezeimeris, at Loupiac.”
Il est depuis quelques années cultivé avec succès et propagé par M. R. Dezeimeris , à Loupiac .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.), 1893 -
Open
“Verdelette”
Only Jullien (1816) names la verdelette, among the grapes of the excellent white wines of the Graves, with no description. The name recalls the Blanc Verdet, a late white of the same vineyards, but no source makes that link. Its identity is unknown.
“The excellent white wines of the Graves are made with the sauvignon, the blanc doux, the sémillon, the cruchinet, the verdelette, and the chalosse”
Les excellens vins blancs de Grave sont faits avec le sauvignon, le blanc doux, le semilion 3 le cruchinet 3 la verdelette et la chalosse
André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.), 1816 -
Open
“Verdot” verdot (alone), Verdot de Guienne, Verdot (white, Franck 1845)
Verdot alone covers several grapes. D’Armailhacq (1855) knew 3 verdots, gros, moyen, and petit, and said only the petit was grown in the Médoc; Cocks and Féret (1868) count 4, adding the verdot-colon, and later describe a Verdot-de-Palus. Franck (1845) even uses ‘Le Verdot’ for a white grape whose marks are those of the Blanc Verdet. In a Médoc text after 1855 verdot usually means the Petit Verdot; in the palus, or earlier, it can be any of them.
Points to: Petit Verdot, Gros Verdot, Verdet Blanc
“Of the verdot, 3 varieties are recognized: the gros, the moyen, and the petit, which differ hardly at all except in the size of the fruit; the last is the only one grown in the Médoc”
On reconnaît trois variétés du ver dot : le gros, le moyen et le petit, qui ne varient guère que par la grosseur du fruit; ce dernier est le seul qu'on cultive dans le Médoc
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “The Verdot, with yellowish wood striped with brown; leaf large, thick, dark green”
Le Verdot d'un bois jaunâtre rayé de brun ; feuille grande, épaisse, de couleur vert foncé
Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.), 1845 -
Open
“Verdot-Colon” verdot - colon, Gros Verdot Colon
Cocks and Féret (1868) count 4 verdots, the petit-verdot, the moyen, the gros, and the verdot-colon, and describe the verdot-colon, called graput in the palus, as very productive and much inferior; in 1922 it has none of the qualities of the 2 verdots before it. VIVC lists VERDOT COLON and COLON among the synonyms of Gros Verdot. The 1868 text separates the gros verdot from the verdot-colon while the catalog joins them, so the case stays open.
Points to: Gros Verdot
“Of the verdot, 4 varieties are distinguished: the petit-verdot, the moyen, the gros, and the verdot-colon.”
On distingue quatre variétés de verdot : le petit - ver- dot , le moyen , le gros et le verdot - colon .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868 “Third: the Verdot-Colon, which has none of the qualities of the 2 preceding varieties.”
3º Le Verdot - Colon , qui n'a aucune des qualités des deux variétés précédentes .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Verdot-de-Palus” Verdot-Blanc, Verdot-Bouton-Blanc, moyen verdot
Cocks and Féret (1874 to 1922) describe a Verdot-de-Palus, also called Verdot-Blanc or Verdot-Bouton-Blanc, with slightly longer bunches than the Petit-Verdot and a good wine below that of the Verdot-Rouge; by 1922 it was the most widespread verdot. The ‘blanc’ refers to the shoot, since the berries are black. No source equates it with the gros verdot, and VIVC lists PLANT DE PALUS under both Gros Verdot and Petit Verdot. The candidates are the Gros Verdot or a form of the Petit Verdot, and it stays open.
Points to: Gros Verdot, Petit Verdot
“Second: the Verdot-de-Palus or Verdot-Blanc. The bunches are a little longer than those of the Petit-Verdot. It gives a good wine, though below that of the Verdot-Rouge.”
2° Le Verdot-de-Palus ou Verdot-Blanc. Les grappes sont un peu plus allongées que celles du Petit-Verdot. Produit un bon vin, quoique inférieur à celui du Verdot-Rouge.
Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.), 1874 “Second: the Verdot-de-Palus, or Verdot-Blanc, or Verdot-Bouton-Blanc.”
2º Le Verdot - de - Palus , ou Verdot - Blanc , ou Verdot - Bouton - Blanc .
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.), 1922 -
Open
“Vidure” petite vidure, Petite-Vidure, bidure, petite vigne dure, vuidure
D’Armailhacq (1855) gives petite vidure near Bordeaux, and Secondat’s petite vigne dure, to the cabernet-sauvignon, and Victor Rendu (1857) agrees. Franck (1824) instead writes ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’, and Cocks and Féret (1868) give petite-vidure in the Graves to the cabernet-franc form of the gros cabernet. VIVC lists VIDURE, PETITE VIDURE, and BIDURE under both Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. Vidure, from vigne dure, is a Graves word for the cabernets as a pair, and which one a text means stays open.
Points to: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc
“The petit cabernet or cabernet-sauvignon, called petite vidure near Bordeaux, and petite vigne dure by M. de Secondat”
Le petit cabernet ou cabernet- sauvignon , appelé petite vidure près de Bordeaux, et petite vigne dure par M. de Secondât
Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855 “The second, cabernet-franc or cabernet-gris (in the Médoc), and the petite-vidure (in the Graves), is distinguished”
La deuxième , cabernet - franc , ou cabernet - gris ( en Médoc ) , et la petite - vidure ( dans les Graves ) , se distingue
Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.), 1868
Test yourself on Bordeaux · Found an error? Corrections