{ "name": "The grapes of Bordeaux, as data", "publisher": "Bordeaux Reviews", "author": "Guto Assumpção", "version": "2026-10-13", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "cite": "Bordeaux Reviews (Guto Assumpção), The grapes of Bordeaux, as data, version of 2026-10-13, https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/data/", "url": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/data/", "grapes": [ { "id": "cabernet-sauvignon", "name": { "en": "Cabernet Sauvignon", "pt": "Cabernet Sauvignon" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 1929, "prime": "CABERNET SAUVIGNON" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "cabernet-franc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers & Meredith 1997, Nature Genetics 16:84-87; VIVC 1929" }, { "id": "sauvignon-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers & Meredith 1997, Nature Genetics 16:84-87; VIVC 1929" } ], "children": [ { "id": "arinarnoa", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 599" }, { "id": "marselan", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 16383 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "petit cabernet", "vidure-sauvignone", "Vidure-Sauvignonne", "vuidure sauvignonne", "petite vigne dure", "petit-Cavernet-sauvignon", "Bouchet-Sauvignon", "Petit Bouchet", "bouschet-sauvignon", "Marchoupet", "Carbouet" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bidure", "Bouchet", "Bouchet Sauvignon", "Bouschet Sauvignon", "Carmenet", "Enfin", "Epicier Noir", "Lafite", "Marchoupet", "Menut", "Navarre", "Petit Bouchet", "Petit Cabernet", "Petit Cavernet Sauvignon" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1784, "earliestRecord": "the 1784 Pauillac catalog for the intendant Dupré de Saint-Maur, as Auguste Petit-Lafitte reported in La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 (in another passage he dates the same catalog to 1781)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pomerol", "name": "Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-georges-saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 22, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of red-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 37372, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 2024, "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1763, "event": "'Petit Cabernet' is recorded in the livre de raison of Antoine Feuilhade (again in 1777).", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1784, "event": "'Petit cavernet sauvignon' appears in the catalog of Dupré de Saint-Maur at Pauillac, the first record of the name.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1840, "event": "The spelling 'Cabernet Sauvignon' is in use.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1869, "event": "Phylloxera is found on vine roots at Floirac, near Bordeaux, on June 11, 1869; the vines had looked sick for 2 or 3 years.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, section 'Phylloxera', p. 35 (same text in the 1883 English ed., and 6th ed. 1893)" }, { "year": 1997, "event": "DNA analysis shows Cabernet Sauvignon is a cross of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.", "source": "John E. Bowers & Carole P. Meredith, 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16: 84-87, 1997" }, { "year": 2005, "event": "In the Gironde, Cabernet Sauvignon area grows from 1988 to 2005, then declines, but stays the second black variety.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2020, "event": "Cabernet Sauvignon holds 22% of the red-variety area in Bordeaux.", "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Cabernet Sauvignon is a black grape that DNA markers show is a cross of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc: the Médoc’s great grape, and 22% of Bordeaux’s red vineyard in 2020.", "pt": "O Cabernet Sauvignon é uma uva tinta que, como mostram marcadores de DNA, é um cruzamento de Cabernet Franc e Sauvignon Blanc: a grande uva do Médoc, com 22% do vinhedo tinto de Bordeaux em 2020." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/cabernet-sauvignon/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/cabernet-sauvignon/" }, "sources": [ "John E. Bowers & Carole P. Meredith, 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16: 84-87, 1997 (pp. 84-85: 30 microsatellite loci, 51 cultivars, 'a surprise', no direction implied, spontaneous cross likely)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1929, accessed October 2026", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, Paris, J. Rothschild, 1868 (title page: 'Professeur d'agriculture du dép. de Gironde') (1784 Pauillac catalog, p. 449)", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023 (Petit Cabernet, livre de raison of Antoine Feuilhade, 1763 and 1777)", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, 'Phylloxera', p. 35", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 160, note 1 (Mouton)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893 (Château-Loudenne)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 8 and Château d'Arsac", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73 text and Figure 2, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cochetel, N. et al., Genome Biology 26:392 (2025)", "Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), Cabernet Sauvignon (variety number 1929), passport and 'Pedigree confirmed by markers' pages, read October 12, 2026; second hypothesis: Regner, F., Eisenheld, C., Kaserer, H., Stadlbauer, A., 'Weitere Sortenanalysen bei Rebe mittels genetischer Marker', Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg 51 (2001) 3-14", "Khan, F. S. et al., 'Haplotype-resolved T2T gap-free genomes of the winegrape cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon', Scientific Data 13:545 (2026), doi 10.1038/s41597-026-06910-3", "Rodrigues, J. A., 'Revisiting the Parentage of Cabernet Sauvignon: Berry Colour Locus Haplotypes Support a Sauvignon gris Lineage', ResearchGate preprint, not peer reviewed (2026), doi 10.13140/RG.2.2.10848.03840/20" ] }, { "id": "merlot", "name": { "en": "Merlot", "pt": "Merlot" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 7657, "prime": "MERLOT NOIR" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "magdeleine-noire-des-charentes", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 7657" }, { "id": "cabernet-franc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 7657" } ], "children": [ { "id": "merlot-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 7655" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "merlau", "merleau", "Vitraille", "Bigney", "Alicante", "Crabutet", "plan-Médoc", "Plant-Médoc", "Sémillon-Rouge" ], "vivcNames": [ "Begney", "Bidal", "Bidalhe", "Bigney", "Bigney Rouge", "Crabutet", "Crabutet Noir", "Crabutet Noir Merlau", "Higney", "Langon", "Medoc Noir", "Merlau", "Merlau Rouge", "Merlaud" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1783, "earliestRecord": "“Merlau”, near Libourne, 1783 or 1784, as José Vouillamoz reports (Wine Scholar Guild lecture, 2023); first direct record: William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1824", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pomerol", "name": "Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-georges-saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 66, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of red-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 60, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of the Gironde vineyard (red and white)", "scope": "Gironde", "year": 2018, "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 65, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of red-appellation area", "scope": "Gironde", "year": 2018, "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 92845, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 2024, "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1783, "event": "First known mention, as 'Merlau', in the Libourne area: a black grape making 'un vin noir et excellent'.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1824, "event": "The name 'Merlot' is explained as coming from the blackbird (merle) that likes the grape; the same year Franck lists 'le Merlot' among the best red varieties of the Gironde.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023; Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824" }, { "year": 1869, "event": "Phylloxera is found on vine roots at Floirac, near Bordeaux, on June 11, 1869; the vines had looked sick for 2 or 3 years.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, section 'Phylloxera', p. 35 (same text in the 1883 English ed., and 6th ed. 1893)" }, { "year": 1956, "event": "The great frosts of February 1956 devastate vineyards around Saint-Émilion; replanting is subsidized, and on family estates such as Latour-Fonrazade the vine becomes a true monoculture.", "source": "Philippe Roudié, 'Quelques aspects de l'évolution récente du vignoble de Saint-Émilion', Revue Géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest, t. 39, 1968" }, { "year": 2000, "event": "Merlot's main expansion in the Gironde happens between 1988 and 2000; over 1988 to 2018 it gains 27,614 ha.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2009, "event": "Merlot's parents are identified: Cabernet Franc and Magdeleine Noire des Charentes.", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, as cited in V. Sichel Lesbats-Sichel, Identification et sélection intra-variétale de la vigne..., PhD thesis 2023, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04964120v1" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Merlot covers 60% of the Gironde vineyard and 65% of red appellations.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Merlot is a black grape that DNA markers show is a cross of Cabernet Franc and Magdeleine Noire des Charentes, and Bordeaux’s most planted grape: 66% of its red vineyard in 2020.", "pt": "O Merlot é uma uva tinta que, como mostram marcadores de DNA, é um cruzamento de Cabernet Franc e Magdeleine Noire des Charentes, e a uva mais plantada de Bordeaux: 66% do vinhedo tinto em 2020." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/merlot/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/merlot/" }, "sources": [ "Boursiquot, J.-M.; Lacombe, T.; Laucou, V.; et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2): 144-155, 2009 (online December 2008), doi 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00041.x (abstract via OpenAlex: putative mother and father)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7657, accessed October 2026", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023 (Merlau 1783-4, Libourne; relic vine at Saint-Suliac 1996; Charentes 'Raisin de la Madeleine' 2004-2007)", "'Saint-Suliac', fr.wikipedia.org (commune of Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne; Mont Garrot), accessed October 2026", "Wilhelm (William) Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, Paris, J. Rothschild, 1868 (title page: 'Professeur d'agriculture du dép. de Gironde')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868 (Clos-Fourtet)", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874 (château-Barit)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893 (domaine de Lacabanne)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922 (La Conseillante)", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73 text and Figure 2, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Victoria Sichel Lesbats-Sichel, Identification et sélection intra-variétale de la vigne à l'aide des outils génomiques actuels, PhD thesis, 2023, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04964120v1" ] }, { "id": "cabernet-franc", "name": { "en": "Cabernet Franc", "pt": "Cabernet Franc" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 1927, "prime": "CABERNET FRANC" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "cabernet-sauvignon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers & Meredith 1997, Nature Genetics 16:84-87; VIVC 1929" }, { "id": "merlot", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 7657" }, { "id": "carmenere", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013 (both VIVC hypotheses include Cabernet Franc); VIVC 2109" }, { "id": "morenoa", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 3265; inverse possible" }, { "id": "hondarribi-beltza", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 8768; inverse possible" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "gros cabernet", "carmenet", "Carmenet-Blanc", "cabernet-gris", "cabernet blanc", "cabernet à calote", "cabernet tardif", "cabernet rouge", "cabernet Saint-Jean", "grosse-vidure", "vidure", "grosse vigne dure des Graves", "grande vigne dure", "bouchet" ], "vivcNames": [ "Acheria", "Ardounet", "Aroia", "Arrouya", "Bidure", "Bouchet", "Bouchet Franc", "Bouchet Saint-Emilion", "Bouchy", "Breton", "Cabernet", "Capbreton Rouge", "Carbenet", "Carbouet" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1675, "earliestRecord": "the sources diverge, and each old name is open. “Vidure”, 1675, in Adrien de Valois, Notitia Galliarum, as José Vouillamoz reports; “Cabrunet”, 1716, as Vouillamoz reports; “gros Cavernet-Sauvignon”, 1784, in the Pauillac catalog sent to the intendant, as Auguste Petit-Lafitte reported in La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; “Grand carmenet du Haut-Médoc, carbouet ou grande vigne dure des Graves, carmenelle des Palus”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785. Under the name cabernet franc: Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1868", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pomerol", "name": "Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-georges-saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 9, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of red-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": "<10000", "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area (upper bound)", "scope": "Gironde", "year": 2018, "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 27418, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 2024, "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": -37, "unit": "%", "metric": "change in planted area since 2000, as the Wine Scholar Guild reports", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": "2000-c.2022", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1534, "event": "Rabelais praises 'ce bon vin breton', grown not in Brittany but in the Véron (Loire); the link to Cabernet Franc (Breton) is marked with a question mark.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1675, "event": "First mention in Bordeaux, as 'Vidure', in Adrien de Valois, Notitia Galliarum.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1716, "event": "Recorded as 'Cabrunet'.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 1823, "event": "The name 'Cabernet' is recorded.", "source": "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Cabernet Franc has fallen 28% since 1988 in the Gironde (minus 3,769 ha) to under 10,000 ha.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "First symposium dedicated to Cabernet Franc, held at Château Jean Faure in Saint-Émilion (June 2023).", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" } ], "line": { "en": "Cabernet Franc is a black grape of unknown parents and, as DNA markers show, a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Carmenère: 9% of Bordeaux’s red vineyard in 2020.", "pt": "O Cabernet Franc é uma uva tinta de pais desconhecidos e, como mostram marcadores de DNA, genitor do Cabernet Sauvignon, do Merlot e do Carmenère: 9% do vinhedo tinto de Bordeaux em 2020." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/cabernet-franc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/cabernet-franc/" }, "sources": [ "John E. Bowers & Carole P. Meredith, 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16: 84-87, 1997", "Boursiquot, J.-M.; Lacombe, T.; Laucou, V.; et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2): 144-155, 2009", "Lacombe, T.; Boursiquot, J.-M.; Laucou, V.; et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2): 401-414, 2013", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport ids 1927 (Cabernet Franc), 2109 (Carmenère) and 22758 (Gros Cabernet), accessed October 2026", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023 (Basque origin; 'Acheria'; 1675 'Vidure' in Adrien de Valois, Notitia Galliarum)", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 12", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 8", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, Paris, J. Rothschild, 1868 (title page: 'Professeur d'agriculture du dép. de Gironde')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868 (crû marquis de Terme)", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874 (château Grand-Clapeau)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898 (La Tour-Figeac)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922 (domaine de Capbern)", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73 text and Figure 2, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition, 2024, Unit 2, pp. 41-47", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l'histoire naturelle du chêne [...], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785 (archive.org bub_gb_STHLT_Yvi-IC, public domain)" ] }, { "id": "petit-verdot", "name": { "en": "Petit Verdot", "pt": "Petit Verdot" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 12974, "prime": "VERDOT PETIT" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Verdot", "Verdot-Rouge", "Verdot de Guienne", "Carmelin", "Plant-des-Palus" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bouton", "Carmelin", "Heran", "Herrant", "Lambrusquet", "Lambrusquet Noir", "Petit Verdau", "Petit Verdot", "Petit Verdot Noir", "Petite Verdot", "Plant De Palus", "Verdau", "Verdot", "Verdot Rouge" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“petit verdot”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; “Petit verdot”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne; “le petit verdot”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pomerol", "name": "Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "under 15% of the vines" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "to 10% each" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 15%" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "under 15% of the vines" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "to 5% of the vines" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "to 10%" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10% of the vines" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10%" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10% of the vines" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10%" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 1093, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": 2018, "source": "James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape' (2020), in On Bordeaux, ed. S. Keevil, Académie du Vin Library, p. 41, citing 'the 2018 CIVB' figures" }, { "value": 375, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": 2000, "source": "James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape' (2020), in On Bordeaux, ed. S. Keevil, Académie du Vin Library, p. 41, citing 'the 2018 CIVB' figures; a secondary figure, and not the low point: Plantgrape gives 338 ha for all of France in 1988" }, { "value": 679, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 501, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 420, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1979, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 335, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 374.7, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 829.4, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 260, "unit": "% increase", "metric": "change in planted area since 2000, as the Wine Scholar Guild reports", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": "2000-2022", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien lists 'le gros et le petit verdot' among the Gironde's red vines and says they give well-colored, firm wines that keep a long time.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1824, "event": "Franck names 'le petit Verdot' and 'le gros Verdot' among the best red varieties of the department.", "source": "Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824" }, { "year": 1869, "event": "Phylloxera is found on vine roots at Floirac, near Bordeaux, on June 11, 1869; the vines had looked sick for 2 or 3 years.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, section 'Phylloxera', p. 35 (same text in the 1883 English ed., and 6th ed. 1893)" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "About 679 ha in Bordeaux, falling to 335 ha by 1988.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf" }, { "year": 2000, "event": "Clone 1058 is introduced; Bordeaux has only about 375 ha of Petit Verdot (2000).", "source": "James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape' (2020), in On Bordeaux, Académie du Vin Library, pp. 41-43" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "CIVB figures show 1,093 ha of Petit Verdot in Bordeaux.", "source": "James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape' (2020), in On Bordeaux, Académie du Vin Library, pp. 41-43" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Two further clones, 1273 and 1274, are approved.", "source": "FranceAgriMer, Décision INTV-CONTNORM-2018-35 of August 23, 2018, art. 2, adding clones 1273 and 1274 of Petit Verdot N (IFV, ENTAV-INRA) to the list of approved clones; James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape' (2020), in On Bordeaux, Académie du Vin Library, p. 43, gives 2019" } ], "line": { "en": "Petit Verdot is a slow-ripening black grape with no known parents, the old grape of the Bordeaux palus, which nearly vanished in the 20th century and is being planted again.", "pt": "O Petit Verdot é uma uva tinta de maturação lenta e pais desconhecidos, a velha uva dos palus de Bordeaux, que quase desapareceu no século 20 e volta a ser plantada." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/petit-verdot/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/petit-verdot/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12974 (VERDOT PETIT), accessed October 2026", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 18", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, Paris, J. Rothschild, 1868 (title page: 'Professeur d'agriculture du dép. de Gironde')", "Alexander Henderson, The History of Ancient and Modern Wines, London, 1824", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 14", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France, t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "James Lawther MW, 'The Phoenix Grape', in On Bordeaux, ed. S. Keevil, Académie du Vin Library, 2020, pp. 41-43", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73 text and Figure 2, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, §I Gironde", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874 (Château-Lanessan)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, p. 144 (Angludet)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898 (Maucaillou)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922 (château Talbot)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785", "FranceAgriMer, Décision INTV-CONTNORM-2018-35 of August 23, 2018, art. 2, adding clones 1273 and 1274 of Petit Verdot N (IFV, ENTAV-INRA) to the list of approved clones" ] }, { "id": "malbec", "name": { "en": "Malbec", "pt": "Malbec" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 2889, "prime": "COT" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "magdeleine-noire-des-charentes", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 2889" }, { "id": "prunelard", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 2889" } ], "children": [ { "id": "jurancon-noir", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 5862" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Malbeck", "Malbech", "malbek", "malbeh", "Luetkens", "Lutkens", "noir de Pressac", "Nègre-Préchac", "pied rouge", "Pied-Rouget", "côte rouge", "pied de perdrix", "Gourdoux", "Estrangey" ], "vivcNames": [ "Auxerrois", "Balouzat", "Bordelais Noir", "Bouchales", "Cahors", "Cauly", "Chalosse Petite Noire", "Cot A Queue Rouge", "Cot A Queue Verte", "Cot De Bordeaux", "Estrangey", "Etranger", "Gourdaux", "Gros Auxerrois" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1785, "earliestRecord": "M. de Secondat, Histoire du chêne, 1785, as reported by Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; the earliest direct record in my library is André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pomerol", "name": "Pomerol", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 5327, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 4855, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 2148, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1979, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1449, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1070.6, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1319, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 127, "unit": "% increase", "metric": "change in planted area since 2000, as the Wine Scholar Guild reports", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": "2000-c.2022", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1572, "event": "Jean Liébault names 'samoireau', a black vine Galinié traces to plants brought from Cahors to Fontainebleau in 1532-1539; he argues it is the Côt.", "source": "Henri Galinié, 'Les noms Samoireau et Côt dans les vignobles du Val de Loire (16e-19e s.)', Recherches sur l'histoire des cépages de Loire 4, 2016, HAL halshs-01362338" }, { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien describes 'le malbek ou noir de Pressac' among the Gironde's red vines.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1845, "event": "The ampelographer Odart chooses the Loire name 'Côt' for the variety, the name later kept internationally.", "source": "Henri Galinié, 'Les noms Samoireau et Côt dans les vignobles du Val de Loire (16e-19e s.)', Recherches sur l'histoire des cépages de Loire 4, 2016, HAL halshs-01362338" }, { "year": 1869, "event": "Phylloxera is found on vine roots at Floirac, near Bordeaux, on June 11, 1869; the vines had looked sick for 2 or 3 years.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, section 'Phylloxera', p. 35 (same text in the 1883 English ed., and 6th ed. 1893)" }, { "year": 1956, "event": "A severe winter freeze kills much of Bordeaux's Malbec, which is replaced by Merlot, as the Wine Scholar Guild reports (2024).", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" }, { "year": 2013, "event": "Parentage published: Prunelard × Magdeleine Noire des Charentes.", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013 (#327), as cited in Henri Galinié, 'Les noms Samoireau et Côt dans les vignobles du Val de Loire (16e-19e s.)', Recherches sur l'histoire des cépages de Loire 4, 2016, HAL halshs-01362338" } ], "line": { "en": "Malbec, called Cot in the rules, is a black grape that DNA markers show is a cross of Magdeleine Noire des Charentes and Prunelard, and a principal red grape of Bordeaux.", "pt": "Malbec (Cot nas regras) é uma uva tinta que, segundo marcadores de DNA, é um cruzamento de Magdeleine Noire des Charentes e Prunelard, e uma uva tinta principal de Bordeaux." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/malbec/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/malbec/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport 2889, Cot; pedigree bibliography)", "Boursiquot, J.-M., Lacombe, T., Laucou, V., et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155, 2009, doi 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00041.x", "Lacombe, T., Boursiquot, J.-M., Laucou, V., et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi 10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2 (Jurançon Noir edge, with ENTAV-ITV 2007 and VIVC 5862)", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, section V.1 'Encépagement', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Bordeaux.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Petit-Lafitte 1868 on J.-B. Secondat de Montesquieu, son of the author of L'Esprit des lois, and his Histoire du chêne printed in 1785", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 153-156", "Almanach du buveur, 1870, and Cocks, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1874, publisher's lists: 'Auguste Petit-Lafitte, professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde'", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, Gironde, pp. 198-201 (title page: 'Auteur du Manuel du Sommelier')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.) (1868) (Clos-Fourtet)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (5e éd.) (1886) (Lanessan)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (7e éd.) (1898) (Montaiguillon)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.) (1922) (La Conseillante)", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France, t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition, 2024, Unit 2, pp. 36-47 (secondary textbook), p. 42 (1956 freeze)" ] }, { "id": "carmenere", "name": { "en": "Carmenère", "pt": "Carmenère" }, "status": "today", "role": "red-principal", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 2109, "prime": "CARMENERE" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "cabernet-franc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013 (both VIVC hypotheses include Cabernet Franc); VIVC 2109" }, { "id": "gros-cabernet", "status": "proposed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155 (VIVC hypothesis 1 of 2); Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram" }, { "id": "moural", "status": "proposed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013, TAG 126:401-414 (VIVC hypothesis 2 of 2)" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "cabernelle", "carmenelle", "Grande-Vidure", "grand Carmenet", "Carbouet", "Carbenet", "grosse Vidure" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bouton Blanc", "Cabernelle", "Cabernet", "Cabernet Carmenere", "Carbonet (Medoc)", "Carmenegre", "Carmenelle", "Carmeneyre", "Grand Carmenet", "Grand Vidure", "Grande Vidure", "Grande Vuidure", "Grosse Vidure" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "moulis", "name": "Moulis", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pauillac", "name": "Pauillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-estephe", "name": "Saint-Estèphe", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-julien", "name": "Saint-Julien", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "saint-emilion", "name": "Saint-Émilion", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "under 10%" }, { "slug": "canon-fronsac", "name": "Canon Fronsac", "limit": "to 10% each" }, { "slug": "castillon", "name": "Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 10%" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "under 10%" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "to 5% of the vines" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "fronsac", "name": "Fronsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "lalande-de-pomerol", "name": "Lalande-de-Pomerol", "limit": "to 10%" }, { "slug": "lussac-saint-emilion", "name": "Lussac-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10% of the vines" }, { "slug": "montagne-saint-emilion", "name": "Montagne-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10%" }, { "slug": "puisseguin-saint-emilion", "name": "Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion", "limit": "to 10% of the vines" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 15, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 10, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 14, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1979, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 3, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 4.3, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 40.7, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 77, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux", "year": 2022, "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien lists 'la carmenère' with 'le carmenet', 'le malbek' and 'le verdot' as the only vines of the top Médoc vineyards.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1824, "event": "Franck names 'la Carmenère' among the best red varieties of the Gironde.", "source": "Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824" }, { "year": 1869, "event": "Phylloxera is found on vine roots at Floirac, near Bordeaux, on June 11, 1869; the vines had looked sick for 2 or 3 years.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, section 'Phylloxera', p. 35 (same text in the 1883 English ed., and 6th ed. 1893)" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "Only about 15 ha remain in Bordeaux; 3 ha by 1988; 40.7 ha by 2015.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf" }, { "year": 1994, "event": "Carmenère is rediscovered in Chile, where it had been confused with Merlot; the identification is credited to the French ampelographer Jean-Michel Boursiquot.", "source": "X. Moncada, L. Muñoz, D. Merdinoglu, M.H. Castro, P. Hinrichsen, 'Clonal polymorphism in the red wine cultivars Carmenère and Cabernet Sauvignon', Acta Horticulturae 689: 513-520, 2005, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.689.63 (abstract); Fulvia Farinelli, Natural resources, innovation and export growth: the wine industry in Chile and Argentina, PhD thesis, Maastricht, 2012, doi 10.26481/dis.20121218ff, ch. 4" }, { "year": 2012, "event": "Pedigree shown as Cabernet Franc × Gros Cabernet.", "source": "Pedigree diagram as printed in Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012)" } ], "line": { "en": "Carmenère is a black grape of the old Médoc, a child of Cabernet Franc with a second parent still debated; Bordeaux kept a few hectares while Chile rediscovered it in 1994.", "pt": "O Carmenère é uma uva tinta do antigo Médoc, filho do Cabernet Franc com um segundo genitor ainda debatido; Bordeaux guardou poucos hectares e o Chile o redescobriu em 1994." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/carmenere/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/carmenere/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport 2109, Carmenère; pedigree bibliography; Cabernet Franc passport 1927 synonym list)", "Boursiquot, J.-M., Lacombe, T., Laucou, V., et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155, 2009, doi 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00041.x", "Lacombe, T., Boursiquot, J.-M., Laucou, V., et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi 10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012, pedigree diagram", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, section V.1 'Encépagement', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Bordeaux.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Hinrichsen, P., Narváez, C., Bowers, J. E., Boursiquot, J. M., Valenzuela, J., Muñoz, C., Meredith, C. P., 'Distinguishing Carmenère from Similar Cultivars by DNA Typing', American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 52 (4):396-399, 2001", "X. Moncada, L. Muñoz, D. Merdinoglu, M.H. Castro, P. Hinrichsen, 'Clonal polymorphism in the red wine cultivars Carmenère and Cabernet Sauvignon', Acta Horticulturae 689:513-520, 2005, doi 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.689.63", "Fulvia Farinelli, Natural resources, innovation and export growth: the wine industry in Chile and Argentina, PhD thesis, Maastricht, 2012, ch. 4", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, Gironde, pp. 198-201 (title page: 'Auteur du Manuel du Sommelier')", "Wilhelm (William) Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2, 'De la Cabernelle ou Carmenère'", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 148-149", "Almanach du buveur, 1870, and Cocks, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1874, publisher's lists: 'Auguste Petit-Lafitte, professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (Troisième édition, refondue et augmentée) (Angludet)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.) (1893) (Angludet)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (7e éd.) (1898) (Haut-Bailly)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.) (1922) (Arsac)", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France, t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "semillon", "name": { "en": "Sémillon", "pt": "Sémillon" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-principal", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 11480, "prime": "SEMILLON" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Semillon", "semilion", "Sémillion", "Saint-Emilion", "Colombar", "Colombier", "Chevrier", "Crucillant", "Cruvillant", "Sémillon Blanc", "Sémillon Roux", "Sémillon Croquant", "Sémillon à bois noir", "Blanc-Sémillon" ], "vivcNames": [ "Blanc Doux", "Blanc Semillon", "Chevrier", "Chevrier Blanc", "Colombar", "Colombier", "Dausne", "Goulu Blanc", "Gros Semillon", "Maisois", "Mances Blanc", "Mansois Blanc", "Marcillac", "Monsois Blanc" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "The abbé Bellet, canon of Cadillac (18th-century manuscripts, one recounting a 1736 journey through Guyenne), as reported by Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; the earliest direct record in my library is André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "barsac", "name": "Barsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cerons", "name": "Cérons", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux-saint-macaire", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-superieures", "name": "Graves Supérieures", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "loupiac", "name": "Loupiac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "premieres-cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Premières Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-croix-du-mont", "name": "Sainte-Croix-du-Mont", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sauternes", "name": "Sauternes", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "Sémillon and the 2 Sauvignons together: up to 20% of the estate’s vines for rosé and of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 46, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of white-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien lists 'le semilion' among the Gironde's white vines, used in Barsac, Preignac, Sauternes and Graves.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1868, "event": "Cocks & Féret say Sémillon is called 'Colombar' in the Gironde and 'Chevrier' in the Dordogne, and with Sauvignon heads the white varieties.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 25" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Sémillon loses 5,540 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018 but stays the leading white variety.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2020, "event": "Sémillon holds 46% of the white-variety area in Bordeaux.", "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Sémillon is a white grape of the Gironde with no parents yet named, which with Sauvignon made the great growths of Sauternes and still shares the lead in the white vineyard.", "pt": "O Sémillon é uma uva branca da Gironde sem pais ainda identificados, que com o Sauvignon fez os grandes crus de Sauternes e ainda divide a liderança do vinhedo branco." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/semillon/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/semillon/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport 11480, Sémillon; prime-name search 'SEMILLON')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.) (1868), 'Cépages de vignes blanches', pp. 24-25", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.) (1922), 'Ampélographie', pp. 14-15", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 164-171; on the abbé Bellet, pp. 143-144 and notes", "Almanach du buveur, 1870, and Cocks, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1874, publisher's lists: 'Auguste Petit-Lafitte, professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde'", "Petit-Lafitte 1868 on J.-B. Secondat de Montesquieu, son of the author of L'Esprit des lois, and his Histoire du chêne printed in 1785", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, Gironde, pp. 198-201 (title page: 'Auteur du Manuel du Sommelier')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.) (1868) (Suduiraut)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (5e éd.) (1886) (Climens)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.) (1893), p. 405 (Mangot)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.) (1922) (Guiraud)", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), 'Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), accessed October 2026", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "sauvignon-blanc", "name": { "en": "Sauvignon Blanc", "pt": "Sauvignon Blanc" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-principal", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 10790, "prime": "SAUVIGNON BLANC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "savagnin", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 10790" } ], "children": [ { "id": "cabernet-sauvignon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers & Meredith 1997, Nature Genetics 16:84-87; VIVC 1929" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [ { "id": "sauvignon-gris", "source": "VIVC, Sauvignon Gris passport: a color mutation of Sauvignon Blanc" } ], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Sauvignon", "Surin-Fié", "Blanc-Fumé", "Servonien", "Savagnin", "Servoyen", "Punechon", "Puinechou", "Douceblanche", "Blanc-Doux" ], "vivcNames": [ "Blanc Doux", "Blanc Fume", "Blanc Fumet", "Fie", "Fie Dans Le Neuvillois", "Fume", "Fume Blanc", "Fume Surin", "Genetin", "Genetin A Romorantin", "Gros Sauvignon", "Libournais", "Petit Sauvignon", "Puinechou" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“sauvignon”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; “Sauvignon”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne; André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "barsac", "name": "Barsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cerons", "name": "Cérons", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux-saint-macaire", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-superieures", "name": "Graves Supérieures", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "loupiac", "name": "Loupiac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "premieres-cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Premières Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-croix-du-mont", "name": "Sainte-Croix-du-Mont", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sauternes", "name": "Sauternes", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "Sémillon and the 2 Sauvignons together: up to 20% of the estate’s vines for rosé and of each lot for sale; the 2 Sauvignons together: up to 10%" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 46, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of white-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 31751, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 2024, "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien lists 'le sauvignon' among the Gironde's white vines and describes its wines as dry and warm.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1868, "event": "Petit-Lafitte names 'Sauvignon gris' and 'Sauvignon blanc' as possible variations of Sauvignon, but says no well-defined varieties of it are known in the Gironde.", "source": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, p. 167" }, { "year": 1997, "event": "Sauvignon Blanc is shown to be a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon.", "source": "Bowers & Meredith 1997, Nature Genetics 16: 84-87" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Sauvignon gains 1,431 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018 and increasingly challenges Sémillon.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), p. 73 text, https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2020, "event": "Sauvignon holds 46% of the white-variety area in Bordeaux.", "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2024, "event": "France has 31,751 ha of Sauvignon Blanc.", "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Sauvignon Blanc is a white grape with Savagnin as one parent, itself a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon, and level with Sémillon as the leading white grape of Bordeaux.", "pt": "O Sauvignon Blanc é uma uva branca que tem o Savagnin como um dos pais, é ele próprio genitor do Cabernet Sauvignon e divide com o Sémillon a liderança das brancas de Bordeaux." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/sauvignon-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/sauvignon-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport 10790, Sauvignon Blanc; pedigree bibliography; Sauvignon Gris passport 10792)", "Lacombe, T., Boursiquot, J.-M., Laucou, V., et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi 10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "D'Onofrio, C., et al., 'Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred From SNP Genotyping', Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605934, 2021, doi 10.3389/fpls.2020.605934", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012, pedigree diagram", "John E. Bowers & Carole P. Meredith, 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16:84-87, 1997 (pp. 84 and 85)", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 164-167", "Almanach du buveur, 1870, and Cocks, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1874, publisher's lists: 'Auguste Petit-Lafitte, professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde'", "Petit-Lafitte 1868 on J.-B. Secondat de Montesquieu, son of the author of L'Esprit des lois, and his Histoire du chêne printed in 1785", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, Gironde, pp. 198-201 (title page: 'Auteur du Manuel du Sommelier')", "Charles Cocks, Bordeaux, ses environs et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 1850, p. 152", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.) (1868), 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 24", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.) (1893) (Falfas)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.) (1922) (Nairac)", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, section V.1 'Encépagement', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Bordeaux.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), 'Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), accessed October 2026", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785" ] }, { "id": "sauvignon-gris", "name": { "en": "Sauvignon Gris", "pt": "Sauvignon Gris" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-principal", "berryColor": "rose", "vivc": { "id": 10792, "prime": "SAUVIGNON GRIS" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [ { "id": "sauvignon-blanc", "source": "VIVC, Sauvignon Gris passport: a color mutation of Sauvignon Blanc" } ], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Fiers", "Sauvignon Rose", "Sovignion Gris" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1868, "earliestRecord": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "barsac", "name": "Barsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cerons", "name": "Cérons", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux-saint-macaire", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-superieures", "name": "Graves Supérieures", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "loupiac", "name": "Loupiac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "premieres-cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Premières Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-croix-du-mont", "name": "Sainte-Croix-du-Mont", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sauternes", "name": "Sauternes", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "Sémillon and the 2 Sauvignons together: up to 20% of the estate’s vines for rosé and of each lot for sale; the 2 Sauvignons together: up to 10%" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 14, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 10, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 1958, "source": "Pl@ntGrape, le catalogue des vignes cultivées en France (INRAE, IFV, Institut Agro), Sauvignon gris, 'Evolution des surfaces cultivées en France' (1958: 10 ha), https://plantgrape.plantnet-project.org, accessed October 2026" }, { "value": 15, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 17, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 10, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 392, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1868, "event": "Petit-Lafitte names 'Sauvignon gris' as a possible variation of Sauvignon, while saying no well-defined varieties of Sauvignon are known in the Gironde.", "source": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, p. 167" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "Sources differ: Riffault (2017, from Galet) charts about 14 ha in Bordeaux, while Plantgrape gives 10 ha for all of France. Bordeaux still had 10 ha in 1999, then 392 ha by 2015.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf; Pl@ntGrape, le catalogue des vignes cultivées en France (INRAE, IFV, Institut Agro), Sauvignon gris, 'Evolution des surfaces cultivées en France' (1958: 10 ha), https://plantgrape.plantnet-project.org, accessed October 2026" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Sauvignon Gris is a principal white variety in the AOC Bordeaux rules, as it already was in the 2018 draft.", "source": "Arrêté of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021, with INAO's draft after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020, V.1 a), https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf; INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, opposition draft after the committee's opinion of November 15, 2018, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Bordeaux.pdf" } ], "line": { "en": "Sauvignon Gris is a pink-berried color mutation of Sauvignon Blanc, now a principal white grape of the Bordeaux AOC rules, grown on a few hundred hectares.", "pt": "O Sauvignon Gris é uma mutação de cor do Sauvignon Blanc, de bagas rosadas, hoje uva branca principal das regras da AOC Bordeaux, plantada em algumas centenas de hectares." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/sauvignon-gris/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/sauvignon-gris/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport 10792, Sauvignon Gris; prime-name search 'SAUVIGN')", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, section V.1 'Encépagement', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Bordeaux.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 166-167", "Almanach du buveur, 1870, and Cocks, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1874, publisher's lists: 'Auguste Petit-Lafitte, professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde'", "John E. Bowers & Carole P. Meredith, 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16:84-87, 1997 (pp. 84 and 85); quotation from p. 85", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France, t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition, 2024, Unit 2, pp. 36-47 (secondary textbook), p. 37", "Pl@ntGrape, le catalogue des vignes cultivées en France (INRAE, IFV, Institut Agro), Sauvignon gris, 'Evolution des surfaces cultivées en France', https://plantgrape.plantnet-project.org, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "muscadelle", "name": { "en": "Muscadelle", "pt": "Muscadelle" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-principal", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 8182, "prime": "MUSCADELLE" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 8182" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Musquette", "Muscadet-Doux", "Muscadet", "Raisinotte", "rezinot", "Angélicaut", "Angelico", "Muscade", "Muscat-Fou", "Catape", "Guépus", "Guépu", "Col-Musquet", "Blanche-Douce" ], "vivcNames": [ "Angelicaut", "Blanc Cadillac", "Blanche Douce", "Bouillenc Muscat", "Cadillac", "Colle Musquette", "Doucanelle", "Douzanelle", "Enfin", "Guepie", "Guilan", "Guilan Musque", "Guillan", "Guillan Musque" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“muscadelle”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; “Muscadet”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785 (whether it is this grape is open); André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "barsac", "name": "Barsac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cadillac", "name": "Cadillac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cerons", "name": "Cérons", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux-saint-macaire", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "francs", "name": "Francs Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves", "name": "Graves", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-superieures", "name": "Graves Supérieures", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "loupiac", "name": "Loupiac", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "pessac-leognan", "name": "Pessac-Léognan", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "premieres-cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Premières Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-croix-du-mont", "name": "Sainte-Croix-du-Mont", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sainte-foy", "name": "Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "sauternes", "name": "Sauternes", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "principal", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 5, "unit": "%", "metric": "share of white-variety area", "scope": "Bordeaux vineyard (CIVB)", "year": 2020, "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 4400, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 3559, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 2370, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1979, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1789, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1262.2, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 784.33, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1816, "event": "Jullien lists 'la muscadelle' among the Gironde's white vines: sweet, mellow wines that do not keep long.", "source": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX 'Guienne et Gascogne', §I Gironde, pp. 198-201" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "About 4,400 ha in Bordeaux, falling to 784 ha by 2015.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Muscadelle loses 1,064 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2020, "event": "Muscadelle holds 5% of the white-variety area in Bordeaux.", "source": "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 (data labeled 'Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF hosted at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Muscadelle is one of the principal white grapes of Bordeaux, a lightly musky vine whose one known parent, by DNA markers, is Gouais Blanc; the other parent is still unknown.", "pt": "O Muscadelle é uma das uvas brancas principais de Bordeaux, de leve perfume almiscarado; os marcadores de DNA revelam um dos pais, o Gouais Blanc, e o outro segue desconhecido." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/muscadelle/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/muscadelle/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 8182, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' for variety 8182, accessed October 2026", "Boursiquot, J.-M.; Lacombe, T.; Bowers, J.; Meredith, C., 'Le Gouais, un cépage clé du patrimoine viticole européen', Bulletin de l'OIV 77 (875-876):5-19, 2004", "Lacombe, T. et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, ch. XX, §I Gironde", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, pp. 486-487 (Muscadelle; Secondat) and the note on Secondat's 1785 work; Petit-Lafitte described as 'professeur d'agriculture, chargé de l'inspection agricole du département de la Gironde'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, pp. 16-17", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874 (domaine de Caillou, Barsac)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886 (Château-Climens)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 405 (domaine de Mangot, printed 'Mangol')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898 (Château-Guiteronde, 'raisinotte')", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922 (château Nairac)", "CIVB, Bordeaux Key Facts 2021 ('Signature grapes (2020 data)'), PDF at https://www.about-drinks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CIVB-Bordeaux-Key-Facts-2021_09.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, 11 Nov 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, Heunisch Weiss as parent of Colombard (2771) and Chardonnay, accessed October 2026", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l'histoire naturelle du chêne [...], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785 (archive.org bub_gb_STHLT_Yvi-IC, public domain)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)" ] }, { "id": "colombard", "name": { "en": "Colombard", "pt": "Colombard" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-accessory", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 2771, "prime": "COLOMBARD" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2771" }, { "id": "chenin-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2771 (VIVC notes several hypotheses)" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "colombar" ], "vivcNames": [ "Blanc Emery", "Blanquette", "Bon Blanc", "Chabrier Vert", "Colombar", "Colombeau", "Colombie", "Colombier", "Coulombier", "Cubzadais", "Donne Rousse", "Donne Verte", "Goulu Blanc", "Gros Blanc Doux" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1832, "earliestRecord": "“le colombar”, 1832, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 3rd edition (Charente); “Colombar”, 1854, in Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, 3rd edition (Charente); in the Gironde, “le colombard”, 1922, in Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 9th edition (Saint-André-de-Cubzac)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "principal", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bourg", "name": "Côtes de Bourg", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 15%" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 15%" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [], "timeline": [ { "year": 1868, "event": "In the Gironde the name 'Colombar' is recorded as a local name for Sémillon, so early Gironde mentions of 'Colombar' cannot be read as Colombard.", "source": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 25" }, { "year": 1922, "event": "Colombard is named among the white varieties of the Cubzadais (Saint-André-de-Cubzac).", "source": "Cocks & Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 9th ed., 1922, p. 728" }, { "year": 2012, "event": "Pedigree shown as Chenin Blanc × Gouais Blanc.", "source": "Pedigree diagram as printed in Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012)" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Colombard loses 1,436 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Colombard is a white grape that DNA markers trace to Gouais Blanc and Chenin Blanc; in Bordeaux it is an accessory white, and in white Côtes de Blaye a principal grape.", "pt": "O Colombard é uma uva branca que os marcadores de DNA ligam ao Gouais Blanc e ao Chenin Blanc; em Bordeaux é uva branca acessória, e no Côtes de Blaye branco é uva principal." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/colombard/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/colombard/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2771, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' for variety 2771 (remark: 'Several parentage hypotheses exist'), accessed October 2026", "Bowers, J.E.; Siret, R.; Meredith, C.P.; This, P.; Boursiquot, J.-M., 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132, 2000 (as listed by VIVC; not read)", "Lacombe, T. et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Côtes de Blaye, arrêté of November 21, 2017, JORF December 1, 2017, BO-Agri December 7, 2017, V.1 and V.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Cotes-de-Blaye-BO-2017-12-07.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, p. 728 and Blayais, château Meneau", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 25", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, Sémillion, synonymy", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 5, Blaye section, p. 154", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 3rd ed., 1832, Charente", "Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, ou Traité des cépages les plus estimés, 3rd ed., Paris, 1854" ] }, { "id": "ugni-blanc", "name": { "en": "Ugni Blanc", "pt": "Ugni Blanc" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-accessory", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 12628, "prime": "TREBBIANO TOSCANO" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Ugni - Blanc ou Saint - Emilion", "Saint-Emilion" ], "vivcNames": [ "Beou", "Blanc Auba", "Blanc De Cadillac", "Blancoun", "Bouan", "Cadillac", "Cadillate", "Castillonne", "Chauche Gris", "Clairette A Grains Ronds", "Clairette De Vence", "Clairette Ronde", "Espagnolet", "Graisse" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1854, "earliestRecord": "“l’Ugni blanc”, 1854, in Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, 3rd edition (Cassis and the Var); “Ugni blanc”, 1872, in C. Ladrey, Traité de viticulture et d’œnologie, reprinting Dr Jules Guyot’s list of 1868 (Provence); in the Gironde, “l’Ugni-Blanc ou Saint-Emilion”, 1922, in Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 9th edition", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "accessory", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "blaye", "name": "Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 15%" }, { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "cotes-de-bordeaux", "name": "Côtes de Bordeaux", "limit": "to 15%" }, { "slug": "entre-deux-mers", "name": "Entre-deux-Mers", "limit": "" }, { "slug": "haut-benauge", "name": "Haut-Benauge", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 99816, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "France", "year": 2024, "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1872, "event": "Ladrey reprints Dr Guyot's 1868 list of the vines grown in France, which gives 'Ugni blanc' as a Provence variety.", "source": "C. Ladrey, Traité de viticulture et d'oenologie, t. 1, 1872, pp. 420 and 424, reprinting Dr Guyot's list of 1868" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "Ugni Blanc loses 3,891 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2024, "event": "Ugni Blanc is France's most planted variety, with 99,816 ha, ahead of Merlot, which led from 2019 to 2023.", "source": "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024', source printed: DGDDI, déclarations de plantation au 31/07/2025 (CVI), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Ugni Blanc is the French name of Trebbiano Toscano, a white grape of Italian origin with no known parents: France’s most planted grape in 2024, and in Bordeaux an accessory white.", "pt": "O Ugni Blanc é o nome francês do Trebbiano Toscano, uva branca de origem italiana e pais desconhecidos: a uva mais plantada da França em 2024 e, em Bordeaux, uva branca acessória." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/ugni-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/ugni-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12628, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, prime-name search 'TREBBIANO TOSCANO' (synonyms incl. SAINT EMILION, SAINT EMILION DES CHARENTES, UGNI BLANC), accessed October 2026", "FranceAgriMer, Les chiffres-clés de la filière viti-vinicole 2024 (December 2025 edition), p. 11 'Les principaux cépages plantés en 2024' (DGDDI, CVI at July 31, 2025), https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/20251121_CC%20VITI%20VINICOLE%20%202025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Côtes de Blaye, arrêté of November 21, 2017, JORF December 1, 2017, BO-Agri December 7, 2017, V.1 and V.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDC-Cotes-de-Blaye-BO-2017-12-07.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 17", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893, Mildiou, 'Cépages trés peu attaqués'", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, Sémillion, 'Histoire'", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, ou Traité des cépages les plus estimés, 3rd ed., Paris, 1854", "C. Ladrey, Traité de viticulture et d'oenologie, t. 1, 1872, pp. 420 and 424 (Dr Guyot's list of 1868)" ] }, { "id": "merlot-blanc", "name": { "en": "Merlot Blanc", "pt": "Merlot Blanc" }, "status": "today", "role": "white-accessory", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 7655, "prime": "MERLOT BLANC" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "merlot", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 7655" }, { "id": "folle-blanche", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 7655" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Merlau Blanc", "Merlaut Blanc" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1898, "earliestRecord": "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 7th edition, 1898 (Bourgeais)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "accessory", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "to 30%" }, { "slug": "graves-de-vayres", "name": "Graves de Vayres", "limit": "" } ] }, { "rule": "accessory", "color": "sparkling", "appellations": [ { "slug": "cremant-de-bordeaux", "name": "Crémant de Bordeaux", "limit": "" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 4891, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 3387, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 1776, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1979, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 578, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 103.4, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1999, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 14.9, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1898, "event": "Merlot blanc is named among the fine white varieties planted in the Bourgeais (Château Laurensanne) and at clos Peychaud.", "source": "Cocks & Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 7th ed., 1898" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "About 4,891 ha in Bordeaux; 578 ha in 1988; 14.9 ha in 2015.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf" }, { "year": 2012, "event": "Pedigree shown as Merlot × Folle Blanche.", "source": "Pedigree diagram as printed in Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012)" }, { "year": 2018, "event": "'Merlot B' loses 561 ha in the Gironde between 1988 and 2018.", "source": "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, p. 73, Figure 2 'Évolution des surfaces par encépagement entre 1988 et 2018, en hectare' (sources printed: RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Merlot Blanc is a white Bordeaux grape that DNA markers show to be a cross of Merlot and Folle Blanche, recorded in the Bourgeais from 1898 and down to about 15 ha by 2015.", "pt": "O Merlot Blanc é uma uva branca de Bordeaux que os marcadores de DNA revelam ser um cruzamento de Merlot e Folle Blanche, registrada no Bourgeais desde 1898 e reduzida a cerca de 15 ha em 2015." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/merlot-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/merlot-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7655, accessed October 2026", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155, 2009, doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00041.x", "Lacombe, T. et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, Bourgeais", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922 (Laurensanne; Génissac, 387007; Saint-André-de-Cubzac, 387059; Blayais, 387111)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 17, 'Enrageat ou Folle - Blanche' and 'Folle - Blanche ( dans les environs de Cognac )'", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, 11 Nov 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Agreste Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Études n°7 (June 2020, rectificatif), C. Lavaud and J. Bonotaux, '1. Le foncier viticole: la Gironde', p. 73, Figure 2 (RGA 1988, CVI 2018), https://draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/AgresteNAEtudes_7juin2020_FFvitiGironde_RECTIFICATIF_cle0edc51.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "arinarnoa", "name": { "en": "Arinarnoa", "pt": "Arinarnoa" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "red-adaptation", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 599, "prime": "ARINARNOA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "tannat", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 599" }, { "id": "cabernet-sauvignon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 599" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Durquety, Pierre Marcel", "institute": "Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, Station de Recherches de Viticulture", "year": 1956 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 2008, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 1956, "cross": "Pierre Marcel Durquety, INRA Bordeaux (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet; with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s red vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 20, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1956, "event": "Bred by INRA from Cabernet Sauvignon and Tannat.", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" }, { "year": 1980, "event": "Officially approved for use in France, as the Wine Scholar Guild reports (2024).", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" }, { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted as a variety of interest for adaptation in AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur (red).", "source": "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "About 20 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Arinarnoa is a red grape bred at INRA’s Bordeaux station in 1956; its breeder recorded Merlot and Petit Verdot, DNA markers show Tannat and Cabernet Sauvignon. Bordeaux admitted it in 2021.", "pt": "O Arinarnoa é uma uva tinta criada na estação do INRA em Bordeaux em 1956; o criador registrou Merlot e Petit Verdot, os marcadores de DNA mostram Tannat e Cabernet Sauvignon. Bordeaux o admitiu em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/arinarnoa/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/arinarnoa/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 599, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' for variety 599 (breeder's pedigree MERLOT ROUGE X PETIT VERDOT contradicted by markers), accessed October 2026", "ENTAV-ITV, Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France, 2nd ed., 2007 (as listed by VIVC)", "Lacombe, T. et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Médoc, homologated by arrêté of October 21, 2022, JORF October 27, 2022, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-c44a6487-9266-41d7-a328-1602d767c741/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Haut-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 5, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f1b84e6a-7c8c-4bdb-916f-9cae0b31ba08/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Listrac-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 7, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f6d9d034-1fd3-40ff-a10b-fc965726676b/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 5, Médoc section (states that the Médoc, Haut-Médoc and Listrac-Médoc cahiers changed in 2022)", "winewitandwisdomswe.com, 'The Médoc Marches On', December 19, 2022, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/?p=22193, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47", "Kym Anderson & Signe Nelgen, Which Winegrape Varieties Are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture, 2020, Table 13", "Alberto Miele, Luiz Antenor Rizzon & Mauro Celso Zanus, 'Discrimination of Brazilian red wines according to the viticultural region, varietal, and winery origin', Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 30 (1):268-275, 2010", "C. C. Guerra & S. G. Arcari, 'Perfil físico-químico e sensorial de vinhos varietais tintos elaborados a partir de uvas de cultivares recentemente introduzidas no país', 2008 (the oldest text in my library that names Arinarnoa)" ] }, { "id": "castets", "name": { "en": "Castets", "pt": "Castets" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "red-adaptation", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 2325, "prime": "CASTETS" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "gros-cabernet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 2325" }, { "id": "camaraou-noir", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 2325" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Nicouleau" ], "vivcNames": [ "Castet", "Engrunat", "Gros Machouquet", "Gros Verdau", "Machoupet", "Machouquet", "Matioquet", "Matioupet", "Matiouquet", "Nicouleau" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1885, "earliestRecord": "Dr Guilbert, La Vigne américaine, 1885, as quoted by Portes and Ruyssen, Traité de la vigne et de ses produits, 1886", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet; with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s red vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "margaux", "name": "Margaux", "limit": "up to 5% of the estate’s vines and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 22, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 27, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1958, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 24, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1968, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 0.8, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 1988, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "value": 0.5791, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Bordeaux/Gironde", "year": 2015, "source": "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, November 11, 2017, slides 'Évolution à Bordeaux de 1958 à 2015'; source printed on slides: 'Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome III, Galet 2006 + données France AgriMer 2017', https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1885, "event": "Dr Guilbert reports that the vine, known locally as 'Nicouleau' at Saint-Maixent (canton of Saint-Macaire), was spread about 20 years earlier by a road surveyor named Castets, whose name it took.", "source": "Ludovic Portes & F. Ruyssen, Traité de la vigne et de ses produits, 1886, pp. 373-374, quoting Dr Guilbert in La Vigne américaine (1885)" }, { "year": 1958, "event": "About 27 ha in Bordeaux; under 1 ha by 1988.", "source": "J. Riffault 2017 (Rencontres des cépages modestes), citing Galet 2006 and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf" }, { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted as a variety of interest for adaptation in AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur (red), within the collective limits set for the adaptation varieties.", "source": "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "About 22 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Castets is a rare red Bordeaux grape, a cross of Gros Cabernet and Camaraou Noir by DNA markers, named for the man who spread it around Saint-Macaire and admitted to Bordeaux’s rules in 2021.", "pt": "O Castets é uma rara uva tinta de Bordeaux, cruzamento de Gros Cabernet e Camaraou Noir pelos marcadores de DNA, batizada com o nome de quem o espalhou por Saint-Macaire e admitida nas regras de Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/castets/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/castets/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2325, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' for variety 2325, accessed October 2026", "Lacombe, T. et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Médoc, homologated by arrêté of October 21, 2022, JORF October 27, 2022, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-c44a6487-9266-41d7-a328-1602d767c741/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Haut-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 5, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f1b84e6a-7c8c-4bdb-916f-9cae0b31ba08/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Listrac-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 7, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f6d9d034-1fd3-40ff-a10b-fc965726676b/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 5, Médoc section (states that the Médoc, Haut-Médoc and Listrac-Médoc cahiers changed in 2022)", "winewitandwisdomswe.com, 'The Médoc Marches On', December 19, 2022, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/?p=22193, accessed October 2026", "Official Journal of the European Union, C 254, July 19, 2023, 2023/C 254/10, communication of a standard amendment to the Margaux PDO specification (PDO-FR-A0329-AM02): 'Le cépage castets N a été ajouté ... limité à 5 % de l'encépagement et à 10 % dans l'assemblage', as hosted at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/EU-Official-Journal%e2%80%94Margaux-AOC%e2%80%94July-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "winewitandwisdomswe.com, 'Margaux, Castets, and VIFA (newsflash from Margaux)', July 2023, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/?p=22753, accessed October 2026", "Ludovic Portes & F. Ruyssen, Traité de la vigne et de ses produits, 1886, p. 374, quoting Dr Guilbert in La Vigne américaine, 1885", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes rouges', p. 22", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893, Mildiou, 'Cépages trés peu attaqués'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, Le Puy, Château-Vertbois", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 14", "Julia Riffault, 'Recensement, préservation et valorisation des cépages modestes du Bordelais', Rencontres des cépages modestes, 11 Nov 2017, slides citing Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France t. III (2006) and FranceAgriMer 2017, https://rencontres-des-cepages-modestes.com/rencontres/2017/2017_documents/cepagemodestes_bordelais.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "marselan", "name": { "en": "Marselan", "pt": "Marselan" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "red-adaptation", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 16383, "prime": "MARSELAN" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "cabernet-sauvignon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 16383 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" }, { "id": "grenache", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 16383 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Truel, Paul", "institute": "INRAE Domaine de Vassal & Institut Agro Montpellier (as VIVC lists the institute today)", "year": 1961 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Inra 1810-68" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2006, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 1961, "cross": "Paul Truel, INRA (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet; with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s red vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 120, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1961, "event": "Bred by INRA from Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache.", "source": "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, pp. 41-47 (secondary textbook)" }, { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted as a variety of interest for adaptation in AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur (red).", "source": "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "About 120 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023, the largest of the new varieties.", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Marselan is a red cross of Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache made by Paul Truel in 1961, confirmed by DNA markers; admitted in 2021, it had the largest area of Bordeaux’s new grapes for adaptation in a 2023 survey.", "pt": "O Marselan é um cruzamento tinto de Cabernet Sauvignon e Grenache feito por Paul Truel em 1961, confirmado pelo DNA; admitido em 2021, tinha a maior área entre as novas uvas de adaptação de Bordeaux num levantamento de 2023." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/marselan/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/marselan/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 16383, accessed October 2026", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux, modification adopted by the CNAOV on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), V.1 and VI.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Médoc, homologated by arrêté of October 21, 2022, JORF October 27, 2022, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-c44a6487-9266-41d7-a328-1602d767c741/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Haut-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 5, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f1b84e6a-7c8c-4bdb-916f-9cae0b31ba08/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC Listrac-Médoc, homologated by arrêté of July 31, 2025, JORF August 7, 2025, V.1, V.2, IX.1.a (BO-Agri), https://info.agriculture.gouv.fr/boagri/document_administratif-f6d9d034-1fd3-40ff-a10b-fc965726676b/telechargement, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 5, Médoc section (states that the Médoc, Haut-Médoc and Listrac-Médoc cahiers changed in 2022)", "winewitandwisdomswe.com, 'The Médoc Marches On', December 19, 2022, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/?p=22193, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Estudio ampelográfico, fisiológico, reproductivo y tecnológico en el sur de Uruguay de dos variedades vitis viníferas Marselan y Petit Verdot (thesis, 2010), section 2.5.3, citing INRA 2004, Mieusset 2004 and Viti-net 2004", "Etienne Montaigne, Alfredo Coelho & Leila Khefifi, 'Economic issues and perspectives on innovation in new resistant grapevine varieties in France', Wine Economics and Policy 5:73-77, 2016", "Ma Tengzhen & Han Shunyu, 'Winemaking in Cold Regions with Buried Viticulture in China', 2021", "C. Alcalde-Eon, E. Boido, F. Carrau, E. Dellacassa & J. Rivas-Gonzalo, 'Pigment Profiles in Monovarietal Wines Produced in Uruguay', American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 57 (4):449, 2006 (the oldest text in my library that names Marselan)" ] }, { "id": "touriga-nacional", "name": { "en": "Touriga Nacional", "pt": "Touriga Nacional" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "red-adaptation", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 12594, "prime": "TOURIGA NACIONAL" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1851, "earliestRecord": "“the Touriga”, 1851, in Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines (the Douro); “Touriga”, 1854, in Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle; near Bordeaux, Louise Durand, report on the VitAdapt plot, 2012, on vines planted in 2009 (van Leeuwen and colleagues, Agronomy, 2019)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet; with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s red vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "haut-medoc", "name": "Haut-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "listrac", "name": "Listrac-Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 16, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted as a variety of interest for adaptation in AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur (red).", "source": "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "About 16 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Touriga Nacional is a black grape from Portugal, with no parents on record in VIVC, admitted in the Bordeaux rules in 2021 as a variety of interest for adaptation.", "pt": "O Touriga Nacional é uma uva tinta de Portugal, sem genitores registrados no VIVC, admitida nas regras de Bordeaux em 2021 como variedade de interesse para adaptação." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/touriga-nacional/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/touriga-nacional/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12594, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', national opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1 (convention cadre of June 18, 2019), copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "Cahiers des charges AOC 'Médoc' and 'Haut-Médoc', 'homologué par l'arrêté du 26 octobre 2021, publié au JORF du 5 novembre 2021', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1 ('variétés d'intérêt à fin d'adaptation'), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3.1-CDC-Medoc.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3.2-CDC-Haut-Medoc.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Listrac-Médoc' adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1 and V.2, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Listrac-Medoc.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Cornelis van Leeuwen, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Matthieu Dubernet et al., 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, 2019, pp. 9-10", "Louise Durand, 'Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais', 2012, figures 8 and 10 and tables", "Pierre Gastou, Lucas Etienne, Lucia Guérin-Dubrana, Chloé Delmas, 'Gradient of grapevine varietal susceptibility to esca', IVES Technical Reviews, 2024, for the VitAdapt site at INRAE Grande Ferrade, Villenave d'Ornon", "Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines, 1851 edition, Portugal", "Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, ou Traité des cépages les plus estimés, 3rd ed., Paris, 1854" ] }, { "id": "vidoc", "name": { "en": "Vidoc", "pt": "Vidoc" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "red-adaptation", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 25806, "prime": "VIDOC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "vrh3082-1-42", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 25806 marker pedigree" }, { "id": "regent", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 25806 marker pedigree" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "INRA-JKI", "institute": "UMR1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin INRA - UNISTRA, Equipe Génétique et Amélioration de la Vigne; Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof", "year": 2000 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Ij 58", "Inra/Jki 58" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2019, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 2000, "cross": "INRA and the Julius Kühn-Institut (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "red", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "red and clairet; with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s red vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 37, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 2018, "event": "Registered in the French official catalog (January 2018); bred by INRAE and JKI from Mtp 3082-1-42 × Regent; carries Rpv1 + Rpv3 (downy mildew) and Run1 + Ren3 (powdery mildew).", "source": "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales (undated), https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Planted area recorded in the Gironde in 2021: about 25.7 ha.", "source": "Syndicat des Bordeaux et Bordeaux Supérieur (ODG), 'FAQ Nouveaux cépages' (undated), planted areas recorded in the Gironde in 2021, https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-Nouveaux-Cepages.pdf, accessed 2026-10-13" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "The INAO national committee adopts a Bordeaux Supérieur modification adding Vidoc to the red varieties (February 7, 2023); about 37 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national ... en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2026, "event": "The rules homologated on May 13, 2026 (Bordeaux) and June 4, 2026 (Bordeaux Supérieur) list Vidoc among the varieties of interest for adaptation: for red, clairet and rosé in Bordeaux, and for red in Bordeaux Supérieur. In Bordeaux these grapes together may take up to 5% of the estate’s vines for the color and up to 10% of each lot for sale; in red Bordeaux Supérieur, up to 5% of the estate’s red vines, with each lot below 10%.", "source": "Arrêté of May 13, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' (BO Agri, May 21, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CDC-Bordeaux-homologue-arrete-13-mai-2026-boma-21-mai-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Arrêté of June 4, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' (BO Agri, June 11, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CDC-Bordeaux-superieur-homologue-arrete-4-juin-2026-boma-11-juin-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Vidoc is a mildew-resistant black grape bred by INRA and the Julius Kühn-Institut, a cross of Mtp 3082-1-42 and Regent confirmed by DNA markers, admitted in Bordeaux in 2023.", "pt": "O Vidoc é uma uva tinta resistente ao míldio, criada pelo INRA e pelo Julius Kühn-Institut, cruzamento de Mtp 3082-1-42 e Regent confirmado por DNA, admitida em Bordeaux em 2023." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/vidoc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/vidoc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 25806, accessed October 2026", "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales (undated), https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Caroline Paire, F. Cheriet, Alain Samson et al., 'A novel application of the consumer rejection threshold method to the design of binary red wine blends prepared from traditional and fungus-resistant varieties', OENO One 59 (2), 2025, doi 10.20870/oeno-one.2025.59.2.8484", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 4572 (Regent: country of origin Germany; Diana x Chambourcin confirmed by markers), accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 599 (Arinarnoa: Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon), accessed October 2026; Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 16383 (Marselan: Cabernet Sauvignon x Grenache), accessed October 2026; Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2325 (Castets: Gros Cabernet x Camaraou Noir), accessed October 2026; Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12594 (Touriga Nacional: no parents given), accessed October 2026, for the statement that Vidoc is the one red on the Bordeaux trial list bred for mildew resistance", "C. Schneider et al., 'INRA-ResDur: the French grapevine breeding programme for durable resistance to downy and powdery mildew', Acta Horticulturae 1248, 2019 (the oldest text in my library that names Vidoc)" ] }, { "id": "alvarinho", "name": { "en": "Alvarinho", "pt": "Alvarinho" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "white-adaptation", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 15689, "prime": "ALVARINHO" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1909, "earliestRecord": "“Alvarinho”, 1909, in Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 7, dictionary (a Portuguese grape of the Minho); near Bordeaux, Louise Durand, report on the VitAdapt plot, 2012, on vines planted in 2009 (Aleksandra Burdziej, 2020)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale; dry whites only (4 g/l of sugar or less)" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [], "timeline": [ { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted in AOC Bordeaux (white, dry wines) as a variety of interest for adaptation, within the 5% of plantings that the adaptation varieties share.", "source": "Arrêté of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahier published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (link printed in the arrêté), as set out in INAO's draft after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf" }, { "year": 2026, "event": "The Bordeaux rules homologated on May 13, 2026 keep Alvarinho for white wines of 4 g/l of sugar or less and for rosé. In Bordeaux these grapes together may take up to 5% of the estate’s vines for the color and up to 10% of each lot for sale. Bordeaux Supérieur does not admit Alvarinho.", "source": "Arrêté of May 13, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' (BO Agri, May 21, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CDC-Bordeaux-homologue-arrete-13-mai-2026-boma-21-mai-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Alvarinho, also called Albariño, is a white grape from Portugal with no parents on record in VIVC, admitted in AOC Bordeaux in 2021 for dry whites, within 5% of an estate’s vines for the color, with the other adaptation grapes.", "pt": "O Alvarinho, também chamado Albariño, é uma uva branca de Portugal sem genitores registrados no VIVC, admitida na AOC Bordeaux em 2021 para brancos secos, até 5% das videiras da propriedade para a cor, com as outras uvas de adaptação." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/alvarinho/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/alvarinho/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 15689, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Arrêté of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahier published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (link printed in the arrêté), as set out in INAO's draft after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', national opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1 (convention cadre of June 18, 2019), copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Le Médoc s'ouvre aux vins blancs': 'L'arrêté du 31 juillet 2025 homologuant le cahier des charges est paru au Journal Officiel le 5 août 2025', https://www.inao.gouv.fr/actualites-medoc-vins-blanc-aout-2025, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Médoc' (white wines) adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1.a, V.2.a and IX.1.a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Medoc.pdf; European Commission, communication of an approved standard amendment, PDO-FR-A0730-AM06, C/2026/1140, Official Journal C of March 2, 2026, single document section 8, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cashier-des-Charges-Medoc-AOC-March-2926.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Cornelis van Leeuwen, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Matthieu Dubernet et al., 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, 2019, pp. 9-10", "Aleksandra Burdziej, 'Effect of selected elicitors on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) primary and secondary metabolism: focus on stilbenes and triterpenoids', doctoral thesis, 2020, p. 111", "Louise Durand, 'Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais', 2012, figures 8 and 10 and tables", "Marc Plantevin, Yoann Merpault, Julien Lecourt, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Lucile Dijkstra, Cornelis van Leeuwen, 'Characterization of varietal effects on the acidity and pH of grape berries for selection of varieties better adapted to climate change', Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, doi 10.3389/fpls.2024.1439114", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. VII, Dictionnaire ampélographique, Paris, Masson, 1909, Alvarinho" ] }, { "id": "floreal", "name": { "en": "Floréal", "pt": "Floréal" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "white-adaptation", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 25805, "prime": "FLOREAL" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "villaris", "status": "proposed", "source": "VIVC 25805, breeder record only" }, { "id": "vrh3159-2-12", "status": "proposed", "source": "VIVC 25805, breeder record only" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Schneider, Christophe-Joseph", "institute": "UMR1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin INRA - UNISTRA, Equipe Génétique et Amélioration de la Vigne (code FRA038)", "year": 2002 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Col-2007G", "Colmar-2007G" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2019, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 2002, "cross": "Christophe-Joseph Schneider, INRA Colmar (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: below 5% of the estate’s white vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 21, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 2018, "event": "Registered in the French official catalog (January 2018); bred by INRAE from Villaris × Mtp 3159-2-12; carries Rpv1 + Rpv3 and Run1 + Ren3.", "source": "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales (undated), https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Planted area recorded in the Gironde in 2021: about 2.7 ha.", "source": "Syndicat des Bordeaux et Bordeaux Supérieur (ODG), 'FAQ Nouveaux cépages' (undated), planted areas recorded in the Gironde in 2021, https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-Nouveaux-Cepages.pdf, accessed 2026-10-13" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "Added to the Bordeaux Supérieur white list by the INAO committee (February 7, 2023); about 21 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national ... en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2026, "event": "The rules homologated on May 13, 2026 (Bordeaux) and June 4, 2026 (Bordeaux Supérieur) list Floréal for white, dry or sweet, within the collective limits of each appellation (in Bordeaux up to 5% of the vines for the color and 10% of each lot for sale; in Bordeaux Supérieur each lot below 10%, and white vines below 5%); Bordeaux lists it for rosé too.", "source": "Arrêté of May 13, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' (BO Agri, May 21, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CDC-Bordeaux-homologue-arrete-13-mai-2026-boma-21-mai-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Arrêté of June 4, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' (BO Agri, June 11, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CDC-Bordeaux-superieur-homologue-arrete-4-juin-2026-boma-11-juin-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Floréal is a mildew-resistant white grape bred at INRA Colmar in 2002, recorded by its breeder as a cross of Villaris and Mtp 3159-2-12, admitted in Bordeaux whites in 2023.", "pt": "O Floréal é uma uva branca resistente ao míldio, criada no INRA de Colmar em 2002, registrada pelo obtentor como cruzamento de Villaris e Mtp 3159-2-12, admitida nos brancos de Bordeaux em 2023." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/floreal/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/floreal/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 25805, accessed October 2026", "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales (undated), https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Le Médoc s'ouvre aux vins blancs': 'L'arrêté du 31 juillet 2025 homologuant le cahier des charges est paru au Journal Officiel le 5 août 2025', https://www.inao.gouv.fr/actualites-medoc-vins-blanc-aout-2025, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Médoc' (white wines) adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1.a, V.2.a and IX.1.a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Medoc.pdf; European Commission, communication of an approved standard amendment, PDO-FR-A0730-AM06, C/2026/1140, Official Journal C of March 2, 2026, single document section 8, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cashier-des-Charges-Medoc-AOC-March-2926.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, draft modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Pessac-Léognan' adopted by the Comité national on February 12, 2026 (national opposition procedure, not homologated), section V, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PRJ-CDC-Pessac-Leognan-2026.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Bordeaux: Here Come the Hybrids!, winewitandwisdomswe.com, September 1, 2023, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/2023/09/01/bordeaux-here-come-the-hybrids/ (Haut-Benauge exception), accessed October 2026", "C. Schneider et al., 'INRA-ResDur: the French grapevine breeding programme for durable resistance to downy and powdery mildew', Acta Horticulturae 1248, 2019 (the oldest text in my library that names Floréal)" ] }, { "id": "liliorila", "name": { "en": "Liliorila", "pt": "Liliorila" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "white-adaptation", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 6834, "prime": "LILIORILA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "baroque", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 6834 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" }, { "id": "chardonnay", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 6834 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Durquety, Pierre Marcel", "institute": "Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, Station de Recherches de Viticulture", "year": 1956 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 2012, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 1956, "cross": "Pierre Marcel Durquety, at INRA’s Bordeaux research center (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: below 5% of the estate’s white vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 1, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 2019, "event": "The INAO national committee approves the framework convention for varieties of interest for adaptation (June 18, 2019), the legal route for these grapes into Bordeaux.", "source": "Cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux supérieur (opposition draft after CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020), V.1: 'convention cadre approuvée par le comité national compétent le 18 juin 2019', https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Admitted in AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur (white) as a variety of interest for adaptation.", "source": "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "About 1 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Liliorila is a white grape crossed at INRA Bordeaux in 1956, a cross of Baroque and Chardonnay confirmed by DNA markers, admitted in the Bordeaux rules in 2021.", "pt": "O Liliorila é uma uva branca cruzada no INRA de Bordeaux em 1956, cruzamento de Baroque e Chardonnay confirmado por marcadores de DNA, admitida nas regras de Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/liliorila/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/liliorila/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 6834, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux (NOR AGRT2106893A) and AOC Bordeaux supérieur (NOR AGRT2106889A), Journal officiel, March 30, 2021. The grapes and their limits are in the cahiers published in the Bulletin officiel of the Ministry of Agriculture (links printed in each arrêté), as set out in INAO's drafts after the national committee's opinion of November 18, 2020: https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf and https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', national opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1 (convention cadre of June 18, 2019), copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', opposition draft after the Comité national opinion of November 18, 2020, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-Supérieur.pdf", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Le Médoc s'ouvre aux vins blancs': 'L'arrêté du 31 juillet 2025 homologuant le cahier des charges est paru au Journal Officiel le 5 août 2025', https://www.inao.gouv.fr/actualites-medoc-vins-blanc-aout-2025, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Médoc' (white wines) adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1.a, V.2.a and IX.1.a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Medoc.pdf; European Commission, communication of an approved standard amendment, PDO-FR-A0730-AM06, C/2026/1140, Official Journal C of March 2, 2026, single document section 8, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cashier-des-Charges-Medoc-AOC-March-2926.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Louise Durand, 'Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais', 2012, figures 8 and 10 and tables", "Marc Plantevin, 'L'exploration de la diversité variétale en production viticole à fin d'adaptation au changement climatique ... Application au vignoble bordelais', doctoral thesis, 2025, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04988263v1, figure 29 and summary", "Cornelis van Leeuwen, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Matthieu Dubernet et al., 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, 2019, pp. 9-10", "Louise Durand, 'Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais', 2012 (the oldest text in my library that names Liliorila)" ] }, { "id": "sauvignac", "name": { "en": "Sauvignac", "pt": "Sauvignac" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "white-adaptation", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 22322, "prime": "SAUVIGNAC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Blattner, Valentin", "institute": "Private breeder", "year": 1991 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Blattner Cal 6-04", "Cal 6-04", "Vb Cal 6-04" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2020, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 1991, "cross": "Valentin Blattner, a private breeder in Switzerland (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: below 5% of the estate’s white vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 3, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 1991, "event": "Crossed by Valentin Blattner, a private breeder in Switzerland.", "source": "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22322 (breeder Blattner, Valentin; year of crossing 1991), accessed October 13, 2026; Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, p. 40 ('created by grape geneticist Valentin Blattner in Switzerland in 1991')" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Planted area recorded in the Gironde in 2021: about 1.3 ha.", "source": "Syndicat des Bordeaux et Bordeaux Supérieur (ODG), 'FAQ Nouveaux cépages' (undated), planted areas recorded in the Gironde in 2021, https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-Nouveaux-Cepages.pdf, accessed 2026-10-13" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "Added to the Bordeaux Supérieur white list by the INAO committee (February 7, 2023); about 3 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national ... en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2026, "event": "The rules homologated on May 13, 2026 (Bordeaux) and June 4, 2026 (Bordeaux Supérieur) list Sauvignac for white, dry or sweet, within the collective limits of each appellation (in Bordeaux up to 5% of the vines for the color and 10% of each lot for sale; in Bordeaux Supérieur each lot below 10%, and white vines below 5%); Bordeaux lists it for rosé too.", "source": "Arrêté of May 13, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' (BO Agri, May 21, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CDC-Bordeaux-homologue-arrete-13-mai-2026-boma-21-mai-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Arrêté of June 4, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' (BO Agri, June 11, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CDC-Bordeaux-superieur-homologue-arrete-4-juin-2026-boma-11-juin-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Sauvignac is a disease-resistant white grape bred in Switzerland by Valentin Blattner in 1991, recorded with a Sauvignon and Riesling seedling as one parent, admitted in Bordeaux whites in 2023.", "pt": "O Sauvignac é uma uva branca resistente a doenças, criada na Suíça por Valentin Blattner em 1991, registrada com uma muda de Sauvignon e Riesling como genitor, admitida nos brancos de Bordeaux em 2023." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/sauvignac/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/sauvignac/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22322, accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / M. Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2, p. 40 ('created by grape geneticist Valentin Blattner in Switzerland in 1991')", "A. L. de Sousa Dias, Charlie Guittin-Leignadier, A. Roy et al., 'Oenological Performances of New White Grape Varieties', Beverages 11 (3):90, 2025, doi 10.3390/beverages11030090", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Le Médoc s'ouvre aux vins blancs': 'L'arrêté du 31 juillet 2025 homologuant le cahier des charges est paru au Journal Officiel le 5 août 2025', https://www.inao.gouv.fr/actualites-medoc-vins-blanc-aout-2025, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Médoc' (white wines) adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1.a, V.2.a and IX.1.a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Medoc.pdf; European Commission, communication of an approved standard amendment, PDO-FR-A0730-AM06, C/2026/1140, Official Journal C of March 2, 2026, single document section 8, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cashier-des-Charges-Medoc-AOC-March-2926.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, draft modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Pessac-Léognan' adopted by the Comité national on February 12, 2026 (national opposition procedure, not homologated), section V, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PRJ-CDC-Pessac-Leognan-2026.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Bordeaux: Here Come the Hybrids!, winewitandwisdomswe.com, September 1, 2023, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/2023/09/01/bordeaux-here-come-the-hybrids/ (Haut-Benauge exception), accessed October 2026", "Kym Anderson & Signe Nelgen, Which Winegrape Varieties Are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture, revised ed., 2020 (the oldest text in my library that names Sauvignac, in Switzerland)" ] }, { "id": "souvignier-gris", "name": { "en": "Souvignier Gris", "pt": "Souvignier Gris" }, "status": "adaptation", "role": "white-adaptation", "berryColor": "rose", "vivc": { "id": 22629, "prime": "SOUVIGNIER GRIS" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "seyval-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Röckel, Maul & Töpfer, BÖLN project (in preparation), cited by VIVC 22629" }, { "id": "zaehringer", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Röckel, Maul & Töpfer, BÖLN project (in preparation), cited by VIVC 22629" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Becker, Norbert", "institute": "Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, Abteilung Weinbau", "year": 1983 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Fr 392-83", "Freiburg 392-83" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2018, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": 1983, "cross": "Norbert Becker, State Viticulture Institute of Freiburg (VIVC)", "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [ { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "white", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "bordeaux-superieur", "name": "Bordeaux Supérieur", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: below 5% of the estate’s white vines and below 10% of each lot for sale" }, { "slug": "medoc", "name": "Médoc", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] }, { "rule": "adaptation", "color": "rose", "appellations": [ { "slug": "bordeaux", "name": "Bordeaux", "limit": "with the other adaptation varieties: up to 5% of the estate’s vines for that color and up to 10% of each lot for sale" } ] } ], "area": [ { "value": 37, "unit": "ha", "metric": "planted area", "scope": "Gironde (department 33)", "year": "data year not stated (2023 presentation)", "source": "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "timeline": [ { "year": 2018, "event": "Described as a disease-resistant white variety from the Viticultural Institute of Freiburg (Germany).", "source": "Shikimic acid ... fungus-resistant grapes growing in the Alps, 2018" }, { "year": 2021, "event": "Planted area recorded in the Gironde in 2021: about 16.3 ha.", "source": "Syndicat des Bordeaux et Bordeaux Supérieur (ODG), 'FAQ Nouveaux cépages' (undated), planted areas recorded in the Gironde in 2021, https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-Nouveaux-Cepages.pdf, accessed 2026-10-13" }, { "year": 2023, "event": "Added to the Bordeaux Supérieur white list by the INAO committee (February 7, 2023); about 37 ha planted in the Gironde, as reported in November 2023.", "source": "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national ... en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" }, { "year": 2026, "event": "The rules homologated on May 13, 2026 (Bordeaux) and June 4, 2026 (Bordeaux Supérieur) list Souvignier Gris for white, dry or sweet, within the collective limits of each appellation (in Bordeaux up to 5% of the vines for the color and 10% of each lot for sale; in Bordeaux Supérieur each lot below 10%, and white vines below 5%); Bordeaux lists it for rosé too.", "source": "Arrêté of May 13, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' (BO Agri, May 21, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CDC-Bordeaux-homologue-arrete-13-mai-2026-boma-21-mai-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12; Arrêté of June 4, 2026 homologating the cahier des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' (BO Agri, June 11, 2026), sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1.b, https://fgvb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CDC-Bordeaux-superieur-homologue-arrete-4-juin-2026-boma-11-juin-2026.pdf, accessed 2026-10-12" } ], "line": { "en": "Souvignier Gris is a disease-resistant pink-berried grape bred in Freiburg in 1983; DNA markers show a cross of Seyval Blanc and Zähringer. Bordeaux has admitted it in white wines since 2023.", "pt": "O Souvignier Gris é uma uva de bagas rosadas resistente a doenças, criada em Freiburg em 1983; marcadores de DNA mostram um cruzamento de Seyval Blanc e Zähringer. Bordeaux o admite nos brancos desde 2023." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/souvignier-gris/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/souvignier-gris/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22629, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22629, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' (Röckel, F.; Maul, E.; Töpfer, R., BÖLN project 2014-2016, listed as in preparation), accessed October 2026", "A. L. de Sousa Dias, Charlie Guittin-Leignadier, A. Roy et al., 'Oenological Performances of New White Grape Varieties', Beverages 11 (3):90, 2025, doi 10.3390/beverages11030090", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeaux-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' adopted by the Comité national on February 7, 2023 (national opposition procedure), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI le 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf (BO-Agri and Légifrance could not be read), accessed October 2026", "Cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur', header 'Publié au BO-AGRI du 31 août 2023. Homologué par arrêté du 16 août 2023 publié au JORF du 25 août 2023', section V.1, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Bordeaux-Superieur-AOC-Cahier-des-Charges-August-2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux supérieur' as modified by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/3-CDC-Bordeaux-sup%C3%A9rieur-06-2025.pdf; homologated by arrêté of November 26, 2025, JORF November 29, 2025, as stated in Bordeaux Supérieur ODG, 'Comparaison CDC BxSup 2023-2025', https://pro.planete-bordeaux.fr/wp-content/uploads/Comparaison-CDC-BxSup-2023-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOC 'Bordeaux' adopted by the Comité national on June 12, 2025, sections V.1, V.2 and IX.1, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux-06-2025.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, directive INAO-DIR-CNAOV-2018-01 rev2 on varieties of interest for adaptation, dated June 3, 2021 (Comité national, sessions of June 2 and 3, 2021): 5% of the holding's plantings, 10% of the final blend for the color, 10 years extendable by up to 10, https://inao.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/DIR-VIFA-062021-Rev2-1.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Le Médoc s'ouvre aux vins blancs': 'L'arrêté du 31 juillet 2025 homologuant le cahier des charges est paru au Journal Officiel le 5 août 2025', https://www.inao.gouv.fr/actualites-medoc-vins-blanc-aout-2025, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Médoc' (white wines) adopted by the Comité national on February 6, 2025, sections V.1.a, V.2.a and IX.1.a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PNO-CDC-Medoc.pdf; European Commission, communication of an approved standard amendment, PDO-FR-A0730-AM06, C/2026/1140, Official Journal C of March 2, 2026, single document section 8, copy at https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cashier-des-Charges-Medoc-AOC-March-2926.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, draft modification of the cahier des charges AOP 'Pessac-Léognan' adopted by the Comité national on February 12, 2026 (national opposition procedure, not homologated), section V, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-PRJ-CDC-Pessac-Leognan-2026.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28 'Variétés à l'étude (ODG Bordeaux, Bx Supérieur)', header 'Surfaces plantées (33)', https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026 (no data year stated)", "Bordeaux: Here Come the Hybrids!, winewitandwisdomswe.com, September 1, 2023, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/2023/09/01/bordeaux-here-come-the-hybrids/ (Haut-Benauge exception), accessed October 2026", "T. Román et al., 'Shikimic acid concentration in white wines produced with different processing protocols from fungus-resistant grapes growing in the Alps', Vitis 57:41-46, 2018 (the oldest text in my library that names Souvignier Gris)" ] }, { "id": "gros-verdot", "name": { "en": "Gros Verdot", "pt": "Gros Verdot" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 12972, "prime": "VERDOT GROS" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Verdot-Colon", "graput" ], "vivcNames": [ "Colon", "Fer", "Gros Verdau", "Gros Verdot", "Gros Verdot Colon", "Gros Verdot Noir", "Here", "Herranet", "Herre", "Hert", "Plant De Palus", "Verdau Colon", "Verdot Colon" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“grand verdot”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; “Gros Verdot”, 1783, from a Libourne correspondent of Dupré de Saint-Maur, as quoted in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 6, 1905; “le gros et le petit verdot”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Gros Verdot is a black grape of the old Gironde palus, the bigger-berried companion of Petit Verdot in the 19th-century books; VIVC lists it as Verdot Gros, with no known parents.", "pt": "O Gros Verdot é uma uva tinta dos antigos palus da Gironde, o companheiro de bago maior do Petit Verdot nos livros do século 19; o VIVC o registra como Verdot Gros, sem pais conhecidos." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/gros-verdot/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/gros-verdot/" }, "sources": [ "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "Victor Rendu, Ampélographie française, 1857, Vins de Bordeaux, palus", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2, meilleurs cépages", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, Cépages de vignes rouges, pp. 19 to 20", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Verdot-Colon", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12972 (VERDOT GROS), accessed October 2026", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. VI, Paris, Masson, 1905, Verdots (G. Cazeaux-Cazalet)" ] }, { "id": "bouchales", "name": { "en": "Bouchalès", "pt": "Bouchalès" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 1596, "prime": "BOUCHALES" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Grapput", "Grappu", "Boucharès", "Boucherès", "Prolongeau", "Cujas", "Gros-Marty" ], "vivcNames": [ "Aubet", "Bouchales A Buzet", "Bouchalets", "Bouchares", "Bouissalet", "Bouscales", "Bouyssales", "Bouyssalet", "Capbreton Rouge", "Crapput", "Craput", "Cujas", "Esparbasque", "Grappu" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1874, "earliestRecord": "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 3rd edition, 1874", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Bouchalès is a black grape of the old Gironde, the grapput of the Bordeaux and Libourne districts in the 19th-century books; VIVC gives it no known parents.", "pt": "O Bouchalès é uma uva tinta da antiga Gironde, o grapput dos distritos de Bordeaux e Libourne nos livros do século 19; o VIVC não lhe dá pais conhecidos." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/bouchales/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/bouchales/" }, "sources": [ "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 20", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 21, and communes of Gabarnac and Semens", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 19", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie: Grapput, and Malbec names", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Ampélographie, p. 14", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893, mildiou", "Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel (eds.), Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902, Petit Noir", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1596 (BOUCHALES), accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "mancin", "name": { "en": "Mancin", "pt": "Mancin" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 7298, "prime": "MANCIN" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Mansin", "Manssen", "Mansenc", "Mancen", "petit et gros mancen", "maussein", "Soumansingue", "Soumansigne", "Coulon-Timbré", "Gros-Coulon", "Petit Coulon", "Petit-Fou", "Tarney", "Tarney-Coulant" ], "vivcNames": [ "Cauny", "Cot A Queue Verte", "Cot Vert", "Coulant", "Coulon Timbre", "Mansain", "Mansenc", "Mansin", "Maussein", "Mourtaou", "Mourtau", "Moutau", "Petit Fou", "Pousse Debout" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1781, "earliestRecord": "Catalog of the subdelegation of Pauillac, 1781 (as “Manssen”), reported by Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868 (other passages of the book date the same catalog to 1784)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Mancin is a black grape of the old Médoc, Bourg, and palus, named in a 1781 Pauillac report; whether it is VIVC’s Mancin or Manseng Noir is open.", "pt": "O Mancin é uma uva tinta do antigo Médoc, de Bourg e dos palus, citada num relatório de Pauillac de 1781; se é o Mancin ou o Manseng Noir do VIVC, segue em aberto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/mancin/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/mancin/" }, "sources": [ "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, Deuxième division, B. Le Mancin and C. Le Tarney-Coulant, pp. 179 to 180 and 482 to 484 as printed, citing the 1781 catalog of the subdelegation of Pauillac, the abbé Bellet and Secondat", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, pp. 21 to 22", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 20", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Mancin", "Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, 1904, Manseng rouge", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7298 (MANCIN) and passport id 7340 (MANSENG NOIR), accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "saint-macaire", "name": { "en": "Saint-Macaire", "pt": "Saint-Macaire" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 10472, "prime": "SAINT MACAIRE" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Le Saint - Macaire", "Moustouzère", "Moustouzères" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bouton Blanc", "Macau", "Moustere", "Moustouzere" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1824, "earliestRecord": "“le St-Macaire”, 1824, in William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st edition (Entre-deux-Mers); “Le Saint-Macaire”, 1868, in Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 2nd edition", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Saint-Macaire is a black grape once grown in the low palus of the Gironde for its deep color; it shares its name with a Garonne town, and VIVC gives it no known parents.", "pt": "O Saint-Macaire é uma uva tinta plantada nos palus baixos da Gironde pela cor profunda; tem o nome de uma cidade do Garonne, e o VIVC não lhe dá pais conhecidos." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/saint-macaire/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/saint-macaire/" }, "sources": [ "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 23", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 22, and communes of Cubzac, Gabarnac and Semens", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 22 and Saint-Estèphe", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Saint-Macaire and Fer", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 10472 (SAINT MACAIRE), accessed October 2026", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, Entre-deux-Mers (same in the 2nd ed., 1845)" ] }, { "id": "pardotte", "name": { "en": "Pardotte", "pt": "Pardotte" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 8936, "prime": "PARDOTTE" }, "identity": "open", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Petite-Parde", "grosse parde", "Parde" ], "vivcNames": [ "Canut Noir", "Chausse Noir", "Coni", "Cony", "Courbin", "Ferriolet", "Gros Machouquet", "Machouquet", "Parde", "Pardotte Noire", "Petit Machouquet", "Petite Parde", "Pignon", "Sauvignon Noir" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1855, "earliestRecord": "as “le pignon”, 1855, in Armand d’Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc; “Pignon (en Médoc); Parde (en graves)”, 1868, in Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 2nd edition; “Parde et Pardotte”, 1874, in their 3rd edition", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Pardotte, or Petite-Parde, is a black grape of the old Entre-deux-Mers, Cadillac, and Graves country; VIVC lists a Pardotte with no known parents, but which vine the books meant is open.", "pt": "O Pardotte, ou Petite-Parde, é uma uva tinta do antigo Entre-deux-Mers, de Cadillac e das Graves; o VIVC lista um Pardotte sem pais conhecidos, mas qual planta os livros queriam dizer segue em aberto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/pardotte/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/pardotte/" }, "sources": [ "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 21, Pignon", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Cépages de vignes rouges, Pignon", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Entre-deux-Mers communes", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 18", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie: Massoutet, Petite-Parde, Pignon", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, p. 14", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893, mildiou", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 8936 (PARDOTTE), accessed October 2026", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855" ] }, { "id": "merille", "name": { "en": "Mérille", "pt": "Mérille" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 7650, "prime": "MERILLE" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "prunelard", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 7650" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Grosse Mérille", "Picard" ], "vivcNames": [ "Balouzat", "Bordelais", "Bordelais Noir", "Bouchales", "Boudoules", "Bourdales", "Faux Jurancon", "Gironde", "Grand Vesparo", "Grosse Merille", "Meril", "Merille Grosse", "Perigord", "Petit Piquart" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1785, "earliestRecord": "“Petite mérille” and “Grosse mérille”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785, which does not say where in Guienne they grew; in the Gironde, “La Grosse Mérille” in Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 2nd edition, 1868", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Mérille is a black grape once found in small amounts in the Gironde, called picard at Mérignac; Wine Grapes draws Prunelard, a parent of Malbec, as one of its parents.", "pt": "O Mérille é uma uva tinta que existia em pequena quantidade na Gironde, chamada picard em Mérignac; o livro Wine Grapes aponta o Prunelard, também um dos pais do Malbec (Cot nas regras), como um de seus pais." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/merille/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/merille/" }, "sources": [ "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, Cépages de vignes rouges, p. 23", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 22", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 19", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Mérille", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, p. 14", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7650 (MERILLE), accessed October 2026", "Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding and José Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012, pedigree diagram (Prunelard to Mérille; Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes to Cot)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l'histoire naturelle du chêne [...], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure, 1785 (archive.org bub_gb_STHLT_Yvi-IC, public domain)" ] }, { "id": "bequignol-noir", "name": { "en": "Béquignol Noir", "pt": "Béquignol Noir" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 1147, "prime": "BEQUIGNOL NOIR" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "savagnin", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 1147" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Fer", "Béquignol", "Bequignol", "Béquignaou", "Camerouge", "Mauron", "Maouron", "Negrotte", "Bouton-Blanc", "Chausset ou Petit-Fer", "Petit-Fer", "Prunelas ou Pruneley", "Chalosse-Noire" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bequignaou", "Bequignol", "Bequin Rouge", "Blanc Fer", "Bouton Blanc", "Breton", "Cabernet", "Camerouge", "Chalosse Noire", "Chausse", "Chausset", "Egrenant", "Embalouzat", "Enrageat Rouge" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1867, "earliestRecord": "Armand d’Armailhacq, De la culture des vignes, de la vinification et des vins dans le Médoc, 1867 (as “fer”)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Béquignol Noir is a black grape known in the old Gironde as fer or béquignol; DNA markers show Savagnin as one parent, with the other unknown.", "pt": "O Béquignol Noir é uma uva tinta conhecida na antiga Gironde como fer ou béquignol; marcadores de DNA mostram o Savagnin como um dos pais, sendo o outro desconhecido." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/bequignol-noir/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/bequignol-noir/" }, "sources": [ "Armand d'Armailhacq, De la culture des vignes, de la vinification et des vins dans le Médoc, 1867, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, p. 23, Camerouge", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 21", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 20", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Fer", "T. Lacombe, J.-M. Boursiquot, V. Laucou, M. Di Vecchi-Staraz, J.-P. Péros and P. This, Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.), Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1147 (BEQUIGNOL NOIR) and its bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, Savagnin offspring as given in the hub packs for Sauvignon Blanc and Teinturier, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "chalosse-noire", "name": { "en": "Chalosse Noire", "pt": "Chalosse Noire" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 22964, "prime": "CHALOSSE NOIRE" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 22964" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "petite Chalosse noire", "chalosse" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1824, "earliestRecord": "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1824", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Chalosse Noire is a big-bunched black grape of the old Médoc, kept also for the winter table; DNA markers show Gouais Blanc as one parent, the other unknown.", "pt": "O Chalosse Noire é uma uva tinta de cachos grandes do antigo Médoc, guardada também para a mesa de inverno; marcadores de DNA mostram o Gouais Blanc como um dos pais, sendo o outro desconhecido." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/chalosse-noire/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/chalosse-noire/" }, "sources": [ "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845, ch. 2", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, p. 21", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, p. 20", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, p. 14", "J.-M. Boursiquot, T. Lacombe, J. Bowers and C. Meredith, Le Gouais, un cépage clé du patrimoine viticole européen, Bulletin de l'OIV 77 (875-876):5-19, 2004", "T. Lacombe et al., Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.), Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22964 (CHALOSSE NOIRE) and its bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "jurancon-noir", "name": { "en": "Jurançon Noir", "pt": "Jurançon Noir" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 5862, "prime": "JURANCON NOIR" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "folle-blanche", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 5862" }, { "id": "malbec", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 5862" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Jurançon", "jurancon", "Girançon", "Jurasson", "Giranson", "Arrivet", "Arribet", "Nochant", "Cahors", "Va-de-Côté", "Petit-Noir" ], "vivcNames": [ "Arrivet", "Cahors", "Cannut De Lauzun", "Chalosse Noire", "Dame Noire", "Degoutant", "Enrageade", "Enrageat Noir", "Enrageat Rouge", "Folle Noire", "Folle Rouge", "Giranson", "Grappu", "Gros Grapput" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1868, "earliestRecord": "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 2nd edition, 1868 (as “Girançon ou Jurasson”)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Jurançon Noir is a black grape once grown in the Gironde as giranson, nochant, and arrivet; DNA markers show it is a cross of Folle Blanche and Cot, the Malbec.", "pt": "O Jurançon Noir é uma uva tinta plantada na antiga Gironde como giranson, nochant e arrivet; marcadores de DNA mostram que é um cruzamento de Folle Blanche e Malbec (Cot nas regras)." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/jurancon-noir/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/jurancon-noir/" }, "sources": [ "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, p. 23", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 22 and Château-Parabelle", "Édouard Féret, Statistique générale ... du département de la Gironde, 1874, domaine du Tillac", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, pp. 16 to 17", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Jurançon noir", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde: 'La folle blanche ou enrageât'", "Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France, 2nd ed., ENTAV-ITV, 2007 (as cited by VIVC)", "T. Lacombe et al., Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.), Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 5862 (JURANCON NOIR) and its bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "teinturier", "name": { "en": "Teinturier", "pt": "Teinturier" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 12304, "prime": "TEINTURIER" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "savagnin", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 12304" } ], "children": [ { "id": "petit-bouschet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 1619 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "l'Alicante", "Alicante ou noireau", "Noireau", "Mousat" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bourguignon Noir", "Gros Noir", "Moreau", "Noir D'Espagne", "Noir D'Orleans", "Noiraut", "Pineau Teinturier", "Plant Qui Tache", "Pontac", "Pontak", "Tachat", "Teint", "Teinturier Du Cher", "Teinturier Du Jura" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "The abbé Bellet, manuscript of a journey through Guyenne in 1736, as reported by Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Teinturier is the red-fleshed black grape the old Gironde books kept only for color; DNA markers show Savagnin as one parent, and it is a parent of Petit Bouschet.", "pt": "O Teinturier é a uva tinta de polpa vermelha que os antigos livros da Gironde guardavam só pela cor; marcadores de DNA mostram o Savagnin como um dos pais, e ele é um dos pais do Petit Bouschet." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/teinturier/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/teinturier/" }, "sources": [ "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, on the abbé Bellet's manuscript of a 1736 journey and D. Le Teinturier, pp. 484 to 485", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 21", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, ampélographie, Teinturier and Malbec names", "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'teinturin (malbec)'", "T. Lacombe et al., Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.), Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12304 (TEINTURIER) and its bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1619 (PETIT BOUSCHET: Teinturier x Aramon, breeder Louis Bouschet, crossed 1829), accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "petit-bouschet", "name": { "en": "Petit Bouschet", "pt": "Petit Bouschet" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 1619, "prime": "BOUSCHET PETIT" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "teinturier", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 1619 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" }, { "id": "aramon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 1619 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "children": [ { "id": "alicante-henri-bouschet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 304 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Bouschet, Louis", "institute": "Private breeder", "year": 1829 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Aramon Teinturier", "Bouschet", "Bouschet De Bernard", "Le Bouschet", "Petit Bouchet", "Petit Bouschet", "Teinturier Bouschet" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général, 1881 (Domaine du Vallier, Langoiran)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1881, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Petit Bouschet is a red-juiced grape that Louis Bouschet crossed in 1829 from Teinturier and Aramon; the Gironde books record one grafted planting, at Langoiran in 1881.", "pt": "O Petit Bouschet é uma uva de suco tinto que Louis Bouschet cruzou em 1829 a partir de Teinturier e Aramon; os livros da Gironde registram um único plantio enxertado, em Langoiran, em 1881." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/petit-bouschet/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/petit-bouschet/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1619, accessed October 2026", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, 'Les vignes américaines, Domaine du Vallier, Langoiran'", "A. Bedel, Les nouvelles méthodes de culture de la vigne et de vinification, 1890, 'Petit Bouschet', p. 85", "Édouard Féret, St. Emilion et ses vins et les principaux vins de l'arrondissement de Libourne, 1908, vineyard chapter (on 'bouschet' at Saint-Émilion)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 304, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "alicante-henri-bouschet", "name": { "en": "Alicante Henri Bouschet", "pt": "Alicante Henri Bouschet" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 304, "prime": "ALICANTE HENRI BOUSCHET" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "petit-bouschet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 304 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" }, { "id": "grenache", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 304 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Bouschet, Henri", "institute": "Domaine de la Calmette", "year": 1855 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Alicant De Pays", "Alicante Bouchet", "Alicante H. Bouschet", "Alicante Noir", "Aragonais", "Bouschet 2", "Grenache Noir", "Petit Bouschet", "Rivesaltes", "Rouvaillard" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "“Alicante-Bouschet”, 1881, in the Compte rendu général of the Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (grafts and rootstock trials); Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893 (southwest France); for the Gironde, Cocks and Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 9th edition, 1922 (as a rootstock parent)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Alicante Henri Bouschet is a red-juiced cross of Petit Bouschet and Grenache made by Henri Bouschet in 1855; Viala warned in 1893 that anthracnose kept it out of the center and the southwest, and a 1922 Bordeaux guide names it as a parent of a rootstock.", "pt": "Alicante Henri Bouschet é um cruzamento de suco tinto entre Petit Bouschet e Grenache feito por Henri Bouschet em 1855; Viala alertou em 1893 que a antracnose o mantinha fora do centro e do sudoeste, e um guia de Bordeaux de 1922 o cita como genitor de um porta-enxerto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/alicante-henri-bouschet/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/alicante-henri-bouschet/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 304, accessed October 2026", "A. Bedel, Les nouvelles méthodes de culture de la vigne et de vinification, 1890, 'Alicante Bouschet', pp. 57-58", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 1893, p. 216", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Cépages porte-greffes', pp. 17-18", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5686634c" ] }, { "id": "syrah", "name": { "en": "Syrah", "pt": "Syrah" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 11748, "prime": "SYRAH" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "mondeuse-blanche", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 11748" }, { "id": "dureza", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 11748" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Sirha", "Sirrha", "sira", "Serine", "Syrrah", "Sirah" ], "vivcNames": [ "Biaune Noir", "Caudive", "Damas Noir Du Puy De Dome", "Ermitage", "Hignin Noir", "Marsanne Noire", "Petit Syrah", "Petite Chiras", "Petite Chiraz", "Petite Syras", "Plant De La Biaune", "Serenne", "Serine", "Serine Noire" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1826, "earliestRecord": "“Scyras”, 1826, in the Œnologie française, as James Busby reported in 1838; “la petite sirrah” (Ardèche) and “grande et petite scyraz” (Hermitage), 1828, in B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne; in the Gironde, a wine journal of 1838 (Le Producteur), as Auguste Petit-Lafitte reported in La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; first direct Gironde record: M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, 1850", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Syrah, the Hermitage grape, is a cross of Dureza and Mondeuse Blanche; a Gironde wine journal already praised it in 1838, and later books find it in the Graves, the Médoc, and Saint-Émilion.", "pt": "O Syrah, a uva de Hermitage, é um cruzamento de Dureza e Mondeuse Blanche; um jornal vinícola da Gironde já o elogiava em 1838, e livros posteriores o encontram nas Graves, no Médoc e em Saint-Émilion." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/syrah/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/syrah/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 11748, accessed October 2026", "Bowers, J.E.; Siret, R.; Meredith, C.P.; This, P.; Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France, Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Bowers, J.E. & Meredith, C.P. (1997), The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon, Nature Genetics 16:84-87", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams (Syrah sheet caption: parents found by DNA parentage analysis in 1998)", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, 'Établissement du vignoble' and 'E. Le Sirha', pp. 484-485, quoting Le Producteur, vol. 1, p. 281 (1838)", "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy), 'Caractères des cépages'", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Château-de-Couloumey", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, Saint-Émilion, cru des Cordeliers", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, domaine de Mangot, p. 405", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Ampélographie', p. 14; château de Pic", "James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France, 1838", "B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne et de la vinification, 1828", "Nathalie Vallez, 'Vignoble bordelais : un pari rosé', Échos Judiciaires Girondins, August 3, 2026, https://www.echos-judiciaires.com/actualites/vignoble-bordelais-un-pari-rose/, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "pinot-noir", "name": { "en": "Pinot Noir", "pt": "Pinot Noir" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "pinots de Bourgogne" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1763, "earliestRecord": "“Pineau”, 1763, in Maupin, Nouvelle méthode de cultiver la vigne (the Burgundy name of the Morillon noir); “le pineau-noir”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (Chinon); in the Gironde, Cocks and Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 5th edition, 1886 (cru de Cadet, Saint-Émilion); older Gironde witnesses if the Massoutet is Pinot: abbé Bellet, 1736 (“maton ou massoutet”), as printed in Viala and Vermorel, 1910, and the baron de Secondat, 1785", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Pinot Noir, the grape of Burgundy, came to Bordeaux vineyards as “pinot de Bourgogne”: at Saint-Émilion by 1886, from Romanée-Conti, and in a Graves cru named Pontac-Pinot by 1908.", "pt": "O Pinot Noir, a uva da Borgonha, chegou aos vinhedos de Bordeaux como “pinot de Bourgogne”: em Saint-Émilion em 1886, vindo de Romanée-Conti, e num cru das Graves chamado Pontac-Pinot em 1908." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/pinot-noir/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/pinot-noir/" }, "sources": [ "Bowers, J.E.; Boursiquot, J.-M.; This, P.; Chu, K.; Johansson, H.; Meredith, C. (1999), Historical genetics: the parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay, and other wine grapes of northeastern France, Science 285:1562-1565", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2455, accessed October 2026 (Chardonnay, pedigree confirmed by markers: Heunisch Weiss x Pinot)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5th ed., 1886, Saint-Émilion, cru de Cadet", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, domaine de Mangot, p. 405", "Édouard Féret, Les vins des Graves rouges et blancs, 1908, Villenave-d'Ornon, p. 40", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Villenave-d'Ornon, p. 365", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, 'F. Le Massoutet', pp. 485-486, quoting the baron de Secondat", "Wilhelm (William) Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes rouges', p. 17", "Maupin, Nouvelle méthode de cultiver la vigne, 1763", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Indre-et-Loire" ] }, { "id": "aramon", "name": { "en": "Aramon", "pt": "Aramon" }, "status": "once", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 544, "prime": "ARAMON NOIR" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 544 marker pedigree" } ], "children": [ { "id": "petit-bouschet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 1619 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1838, "earliestRecord": "“Aramon”, 1838, in James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France (Provence); “l’Aramon”, 1854, in Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle; in the Gironde, Cocks and Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 6th edition, 1893 (Bassin d’Arcachon)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Aramon is a black grape of the French south, a cross of Ouliven and Gouais Blanc and a parent of Petit Bouschet; Bordeaux books place it only in the Bassin d’Arcachon vineyards, 1893 to 1922.", "pt": "O Aramon é uma uva tinta do sul da França, cruzamento de Ouliven e Gouais Blanc e genitor do Petit Bouschet; os livros de Bordeaux só o registram nos vinhedos da Bacia de Arcachon, de 1893 a 1922." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/aramon/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/aramon/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 544, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1619, accessed October 2026 (Petit Bouschet)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, Bassin d'Arcachon", "Charles Cocks, Bordeaux and its wines classed by order of merit, 3rd English ed. improved by Édouard Féret, 1899, Basin of Arcachon", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Bassin d'Arcachon; 'Cépages porte-greffes', pp. 17-18", "James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France, 1838", "Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, ou Traité des cépages les plus estimés, 3rd ed., Paris, 1854" ] }, { "id": "folle-blanche", "name": { "en": "Folle Blanche", "pt": "Folle Blanche" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 4183, "prime": "FOLLE BLANCHE" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram (gray 'Various' box); not on VIVC 4183" } ], "children": [ { "id": "merlot-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 7655" }, { "id": "jurancon-noir", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 5862" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Enrageat", "Enrageât", "Enrageade", "Pique-poux", "Piquepout", "Picpout", "Piquepouille", "Fol", "Fou", "Enragé", "Dupré-de-Saint-Maur", "Sole", "Grosse-Blanquette", "Blanche" ], "vivcNames": [ "Bordelais", "Burageat", "Canut", "Chalos", "Chalosse Blanche", "Dame Blanche", "Engreat Blanc", "Enrachat", "Enrage", "Enrageade", "Enrageat", "Enrageat Blanc", "Folle", "Folle De Bordeaux" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Folle Blanche, known in most of the 19th-century Gironde as “Enrageat”, is the old white grape of Cognac and Armagnac and, DNA markers show, a parent of Merlot Blanc and Jurançon Noir.", "pt": "O Folle Blanche, chamado “Enrageat” em quase toda a Gironde do século 19, é a antiga uva branca de Cognac e do Armagnac e, como mostram marcadores de DNA, genitor do Merlot Blanc e do Jurançon Noir." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/folle-blanche/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/folle-blanche/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 4183, accessed October 2026", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams (Pinot gatefold: Gouais Blanc x 'Various' gray box, includes Folle Blanche)", "Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes Week 2 lecture (WSG, 2023), Gouais offspring slide", "Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7655, accessed October 2026 (Merlot Blanc = Merlot x Folle Blanche)", "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 5862, accessed October 2026 (Jurançon Noir = Cot x Folle Blanche)", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "Wilhelm (William) Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845, ch. 3, vignes blanches", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, 'Établissement du vignoble'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Teuillac", "Édouard Féret, Statistique générale ... du département de la Gironde, 1874, domaine de Labeylie-Pellebouc", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, Château-Gachon", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Ampélographie', p. 16; clos Gassiot" ] }, { "id": "jurancon-blanc", "name": { "en": "Jurançon Blanc", "pt": "Jurançon Blanc" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Plant-de-Dame blanc", "Sans-Pareil" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1854, "earliestRecord": "“Jurançon blanc”, 1854, in Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle (Lot-et-Garonne); in the Gironde, Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 3rd edition, 1874 (Entre-deux-Mers)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Jurançon Blanc is a productive white grape of southwest France, thought to be a cross of Folle Blanche and Pruéras; the Gironde books record it from 1874 to 1922, mostly beside the Enrageat.", "pt": "O Jurançon Blanc é uma uva branca produtiva do sudoeste da França, tida como cruzamento de Folle Blanche e Pruéras; os livros da Gironde o registram de 1874 a 1922, quase sempre ao lado do Enrageat." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/jurancon-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/jurancon-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams (Cabernet Sauvignon sheet cross 5: Pruéras x Folle Blanche -> Jurançon Blanc; Pinot gatefold cross 13)", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, Entre-deux-Mers", "Édouard Féret, Statistique générale ... du département de la Gironde, 1874, domaine du Sourd", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Supplément à la 7e édition de Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 1901, clos Gassiot", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Ampélographie', p. 17; clos Gassiot", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, list of white grapes including the Pruéras", "Alexandre-Pierre Odart, Ampélographie universelle, ou Traité des cépages les plus estimés, 3rd ed., Paris, 1854" ] }, { "id": "mauzac", "name": { "en": "Mauzac", "pt": "Mauzac" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 7522, "prime": "MAUZAC BLANC" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Becquin", "Bequin", "Blanc Lafitte", "Blanquette", "Blanquette De Limoux", "Clairac", "Durancon", "Enfin", "Feuille Ronde", "Gaillac", "Maussac", "Moissac", "Peron", "Pied Rond" ], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": "No Gironde record of the white Mauzac in the books; Raimond Boireau, Culture de la vigne, 1892, uses “mauzac” for the Malbec", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Mauzac Blanc is the old white grape of Gaillac and Limoux; in the Gironde books the word “mauzac” names the Malbec, and the Gironde books record no planting of the white Mauzac.", "pt": "O Mauzac Blanc é a antiga uva branca de Gaillac e Limoux; nos livros da Gironde a palavra “mauzac” designa o Malbec, e esses livros não registram plantio do Mauzac branco na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/mauzac/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/mauzac/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 7522, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, prime-name search 'MAUZAC', accessed October 2026", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902, 'Lenc dé l'El'", "A. Bedel, Les nouvelles méthodes de culture de la vigne et de vinification, 1890, 'Mauzac blanc', pp. 79-80", "Raimond Boireau, Culture de la vigne: traitement pratique des vins, vinification, distillation, 1892, 'Culture de la vigne dans la Gironde'" ] }, { "id": "blanc-verdet", "name": { "en": "Verdet Blanc", "pt": "Verdet Blanc" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 12961, "prime": "VERDET BLANC" }, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Blanc Verdet", "Verdet", "Gros Blanc Verdet", "Petit Blanc Verdet", "Verdot" ], "vivcNames": [ "Berdet", "Gros Blanc Verdet", "Melie Vert", "Petit Blanc Verdet", "Verdet", "Verdet Chalosse" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“blanc verdet ou verdelet ou corbin”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; Dupré de Saint-Maur, tables of vine synonyms, 1783, as reported in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902; “Blanc berdet”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Blanc Verdet is an old late white of the Gironde whose bunches stay green at maturity; the books follow it from the 18th-century Sauternais to the 1922 guide, as a common vine that the Graves still counted among their main whites.", "pt": "O Blanc Verdet é uma antiga uva branca tardia da Gironde cujos cachos continuam verdes na maturação; os livros o acompanham do Sauternais do século 18 ao guia de 1922, como uva comum que as Graves ainda contavam entre suas principais uvas brancas." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/blanc-verdet/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/blanc-verdet/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12961, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12970, accessed October 2026 (Verdot Blanc, a different prime)", "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy), 'Cépages blancs de la Gironde'", "Wilhelm (William) Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845, ch. 3, vignes blanches", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, domaine de Bayle", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902, 'Blanc Verdet' by G. Cazeaux-Cazalet, citing Dupré de Saint-Maur, Tableaux de la synonymie de la vigne (1783)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Ampélographie', p. 17", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785" ] }, { "id": "blanc-auba", "name": { "en": "Blanc Auba", "pt": "Blanc Auba" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Blanc-Aouba", "auba", "Vauba", "blancaubat" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“blanc auba”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; Dupré de Saint-Maur’s 18th-century tables (Bazas and Libourne) and the baron de Secondat, as reported by Auguste Petit-Lafitte (1868) and Viala and Vermorel (1902); first direct record: André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Blanc Auba is a late white grape of the Gironde coteaux, once the base of the good vineyards of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont and still grown there and at Cadillac in 1874; its grapes resisted noble rot, and no modern name is known for it.", "pt": "O Blanc Auba é uma uva branca tardia das encostas da Gironde, que já foi a base dos bons vinhedos de Sainte-Croix-du-Mont e ainda era cultivada ali e em Cadillac em 1874; resistia à podridão nobre, e não se conhece para ele um nome moderno." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/blanc-auba/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/blanc-auba/" }, "sources": [ "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, 'K. Le Blanc Auba', citing the baron de Secondat", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 25", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902, 'Blanc Auba' by G. Cazeaux-Cazalet, pp. 258-260, citing Dupré de Saint-Maur's Tableaux de la synonymie de la vigne and Secondat", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, 'Ampélographie', p. 17", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)" ] }, { "id": "chasselas", "name": { "en": "Chasselas", "pt": "Chasselas" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1785, "earliestRecord": "“Chasselas”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne (of the Paris region and Fontainebleau); in the Gironde, André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816 (rare in the department)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Chasselas, a white grape grown above all for eating, appears in the Gironde as a rare wine vine in 1816, a grafted vine at Langoiran in 1881 and a profitable table grape in 1893.", "pt": "O Chasselas, uva branca cultivada sobretudo para comer, aparece na Gironde como uva de vinho rara em 1816, uva enxertada em Langoiran em 1881 e lucrativa uva de mesa em 1893." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/chasselas/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/chasselas/" }, "sources": [ "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy), 'Vignes cultivées pour raisins de table'", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, 'Les vignes américaines, Domaine du Vallier, Langoiran'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, Bassin d'Arcachon; 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Bassin d'Arcachon", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785" ] }, { "id": "muscat-blanc", "name": { "en": "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains", "pt": "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "muscat blanc", "Frontignan", "muscat rose" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "“muscat blanc”, 1736, in abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910; “Le muscat blanc est le plus commun”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne; André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1816", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1893, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, the Muscat of Frontignan, was a Gironde wine grape in 1816 and, by 1893, a profitable table grape that Cocks and Féret named “Muscat blanc, appelé aussi Frontignan.”", "pt": "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, o Moscatel de Frontignan, era uma uva de vinho da Gironde em 1816 e, em 1893, uma lucrativa uva de mesa que o guia de Cocks e Féret chamava “Muscat blanc, appelé aussi Frontignan”." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/muscat-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/muscat-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde", "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy), 'Vignes cultivées pour raisins de table', p. 82", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', pp. 25 and 27", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785" ] }, { "id": "muscat-d-alexandrie", "name": { "en": "Muscat of Alexandria", "pt": "Moscatel de Alexandria" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "likely", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "muscat d'Alexandrie" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1736, "earliestRecord": "as “passemusquée”, whose identity with this grape is open: abbé Bellet’s catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac, 1736, as printed in Viala and Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 1, 1910, and “Muscat de Malaga ou passemusquée”, 1785, in Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoire sur la culture des vignes de la Guienne; under its own name, “le muscat d’Alexandrie”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1816, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Muscat of Alexandria, a large-berried late Muscat, is named once under its own name among the white grapes of the Gironde, by André Jullien in 1816; in 1850 du Puits de Maconex, a grower at Gradignan, found that it ripened badly at Bordeaux.", "pt": "Moscatel de Alexandria, moscatel tardio de bagos graúdos, aparece uma vez com o próprio nome entre as uvas brancas da Gironde, com André Jullien em 1816; em 1850, du Puits de Maconex, proprietário em Gradignan, notou que amadurecia mal em Bordeaux." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/muscat-d-alexandrie/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/muscat-d-alexandrie/" }, "sources": [ "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Gironde, 'plants le plus généralement cultivés'", "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy), 'Vignes cultivées pour raisins de table', p. 82", "C. Ladrey, Traité de viticulture et d'oenologie, vol. 1, Viticulture, 1872, sixth ripening period, white grapes", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, Panse Musquée", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. I, Paris, Masson, 1910, 'Histoire de l'ampélographie' (Tallavignes), p. 537 note, printing abbé Bellet's 1736 catalog of the vines of Bordeaux and Cadillac (dated 1736 by Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868)", "Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, Mémoires sur l’histoire naturelle du chêne […], sur la culture de la vigne, et sur le vin de la Guienne, Paris, De Bure fils aîné, 1785" ] }, { "id": "riesling", "name": { "en": "Riesling", "pt": "Riesling" }, "status": "once", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "“le riesling blanc”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (the Rhine); in the Gironde, as “metternich”, Cocks and Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 7th edition, 1898 (Sauternes country), and by name, Édouard Féret, Les vins des Graves rouges et blancs, 1908 (Pontac-Riesling)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1922, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Riesling, the grape of the Rhine, appears in the Bordeaux books in 2 ways: as “metternich”, listed among the grapes of the Sauternes country from 1898 and identified as Riesling at château Guiraud in 1908, and in the name of a Graves cru, Pontac-Riesling, at Villenave-d’Ornon, 1908 to 1922.", "pt": "O Riesling, a uva do Reno, aparece nos livros de Bordeaux de 2 formas: como “metternich”, entre as uvas da região de Sauternes a partir de 1898 e identificado como Riesling no château Guiraud em 1908, e no nome de um cru das Graves, Pontac-Riesling, em Villenave-d’Ornon, de 1908 a 1922." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/riesling/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/riesling/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 10077 (Riesling Weiss), accessed October 2026", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, 'Établissement du vignoble' and Sauvignon", "Cazalis-Allut, Oeuvre agricole de Cazalis-Allut, 1865", "Édouard Féret, Les vins des Graves rouges et blancs, 1908, Villenave-d'Ornon, p. 40", "Édouard Féret, Région de Sauternes et les vins blancs des cantons de Podensac et Langon, 1908, château Guiraud; Sauternes encépagement", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7th ed., 1898, Sauternes", "Charles Cocks, Bordeaux and its wines classed by order of merit, 3rd English ed. improved by Édouard Féret, 1899, Sauternes country", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, Villenave-d'Ornon, p. 365; Sauternes, p. 446; château Guiraud, p. 453", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22629 (Souvignier Gris), accessed October 2026, citing Röckel, Maul & Töpfer, BÖLN project (in preparation)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, Zähringer passport (pedigree confirmed by markers: Traminer x Riesling), accessed October 2026", "INAO, Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national en séance du 7 février 2023, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Rhine and Baden" ] }, { "id": "herbemont", "name": { "en": "Herbemont", "pt": "Herbemont" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "l'Herbemont" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881 (with Herbemont wines of the 1878 to 1880 vintages from Saint-Philippe-d’Aiguille)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1893, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Herbemont is a black American hybrid, with Chasselas as one parent by DNA markers, planted in the Gironde after phylloxera to make wine on its own roots, then used as a rootstock.", "pt": "O Herbemont é uma uva híbrida americana de bagas pretas, com o Chasselas como um dos pais segundo marcadores de DNA, plantada na Gironde após a filoxera para dar vinho de pé franco e depois usada como porta-enxerto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/herbemont/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/herbemont/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport HERBEMONT, VIVC 5356: pedigree as given AESTIVALIS X CINEREA; confirmed by markers CHASSELAS X ?)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, pp. 119 to 122 (Yvrac, Vayres, Parsac, Langoiran, Cenon, Nérigean, Floirac nursery), p. 40 (Mazeau exhibit), pp. 312 to 313 (Piola)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, p. 37 (phylloxera, Floirac, direct producers)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6e éd., 1893, pp. 27 to 29 (Cépages américains les plus répandus dans la Gironde)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 7e éd., 1898 (rootstock entries)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9e éd., 1922, p. 1073 (canton de Pellegrue)", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 3e éd., 1893, p. 215 to 216 (Anthracnose)" ] }, { "id": "jacquez", "name": { "en": "Jacquez", "pt": "Jacquez" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1893, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Jacquez is a black American hybrid, given in the old books as aestivalis crossed with vinifera, tried in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera and kept as a rootstock.", "pt": "O Jacquez é uma uva híbrida americana de bagas pretas, dada nos livros antigos como aestivalis cruzada com vinifera, testada na Gironde como produtora direta após a filoxera e mantida como porta-enxerto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/jacquez/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/jacquez/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport JACQUEZ, VIVC 5627: pedigree as given AESTIVALIS X VINIFERA; no marker pedigree; synonyms include LENOIR, BLACK SPANISH)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, pp. 119 to 121 (Yvrac, Vayres, Langoiran, Cenon, Nérigean), p. 312 (Piola)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, pp. 384 to 385 (Château-Tambourlan, Génissac)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6e éd., 1893, pp. 27 to 29 (Cépages américains les plus répandus dans la Gironde)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9e éd., 1922 (Côtes de la rive droite de la Garonne, notes of J. Capus)", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 3e éd., 1893, p. 215 to 216 (Anthracnose)" ] }, { "id": "cynthiana", "name": { "en": "Cynthiana", "pt": "Cynthiana" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1881, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Cynthiana is a black American vine, by DNA markers a hybrid with Vitis aestivalis and vinifera in its ancestry, listed in VIVC with Norton as a synonym, tried in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Cynthiana é uma videira americana de bagas pretas, segundo marcadores de DNA um híbrido com Vitis aestivalis e vinifera na ascendência, registrada no VIVC com Norton como sinônimo, testada na Gironde como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/cynthiana/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/cynthiana/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport CYNTHIANA, VIVC 3304: pedigree as given AESTIVALIS X V.VINIFERA; confirmed by markers VITIS AESTIVALIS X ( (BLAND X VITIS AESTIVALIS) X VITIS VINIFERA); synonyms include NORTON, NORTON'S VIRGINIA; breeder Norton, D.N.)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, pp. 119 to 121 (Yvrac, Langoiran, Cenon, Nérigean)", "Pierre Viala, Les maladies de la vigne, 3e éd., 1893, p. 215 to 216 (Anthracnose)" ] }, { "id": "elvira", "name": { "en": "Elvira", "pt": "Elvira" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1904, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Elvira is a white American hybrid, recorded as Taylor crossed with Martha by Jacob Rommel in 1862, tried in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Elvira é uma uva híbrida americana branca, registrada como Taylor cruzado com Martha por Jacob Rommel em 1862, testada na Gironde como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/elvira/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/elvira/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport ELVIRA, VIVC 3886: pedigree as given TAYLOR X MARTHA ?; no marker pedigree; breeder Rommel, Jacob; 1862)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, p. 120 (Langoiran), p. 312 (Piola)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, p. 37 (phylloxera, Floirac, direct producers)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904 (article by J. Roy-Chevrier), Elvira (running heads pp. 192 to 193)" ] }, { "id": "eumelan", "name": { "en": "Eumelan", "pt": "Eumelan" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Eumélan" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1881, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Eumelan is a black American grape, recorded as a seedling of Isabella raised by Thorne in 1847, planted at Langoiran in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Eumelan é uma uva americana de bagas pretas, registrada como muda de Isabella obtida por polinização livre e criada por Thorne em 1847, plantada em Langoiran, na Gironde, como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/eumelan/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/eumelan/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport EUMELAN, VIVC 4002: species VITIS LABRUSCA LINNÉ; pedigree as given ISABELLA O.P.; no marker pedigree; breeder Thorne; 1847)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, p. 120 (Langoiran), and the mildew classification of American vines printed in the proceedings" ] }, { "id": "cunningham", "name": { "en": "Cunningham", "pt": "Cunningham" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1881, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Cunningham is a black American vine, by DNA markers a cross of Vitis aestivalis and Meslier Petit, grown at Cenon in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Cunningham é uma videira americana de bagas pretas, segundo marcadores de DNA um cruzamento de Vitis aestivalis e Meslier Petit, cultivada em Cenon, na Gironde, como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/cunningham/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/cunningham/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport CUNNINGHAM, VIVC 3294: pedigree confirmed by markers AESTIVALIS X MESLIER PETIT; passport ISABELLA, VIVC 5560, for the shared parent)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, p. 120 (Cenon), p. 40 (Meissner's gift of American wines), p. 125 (list of direct producers, aestivalis group)" ] }, { "id": "noah", "name": { "en": "Noah", "pt": "Noah" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1904, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Noah is a white American hybrid raised from a Taylor seedling in 1869, Taylor confirmed as one parent by DNA markers, grown in the Gironde as a direct producer and a rootstock.", "pt": "O Noah é uma uva híbrida americana branca, nascida de uma semente de Taylor em 1869, com o Taylor confirmado como um dos pais por marcadores de DNA, cultivada na Gironde como produtora direta e como porta-enxerto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/noah/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/noah/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport NOAH, VIVC 8573: pedigree as given TAYLOR O.P.; confirmed by markers TAYLOR X ?; breeder Wasserzieher, Otto; 1869)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, pp. 116 to 117 (Château de Meynard, Condat)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, p. 37 (phylloxera, Floirac, direct producers)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6e éd., 1893, pp. 27 to 29 (Cépages américains les plus répandus dans la Gironde)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6e éd., 1893 (Auros, M. A. Nibaut), and 9e éd., 1922", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904 (article by J. Roy-Chevrier), Noah (running heads pp. 473 to 477)" ] }, { "id": "othello", "name": { "en": "Othello", "pt": "Othello" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1904, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Othello is a black hybrid raised in Canada by Charles Arnold, given as Clinton crossed with Black Hamburgh, grown in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Othello é uma uva híbrida de bagas pretas obtida no Canadá por Charles Arnold, dada como Clinton cruzado com Black Hamburgh, cultivada na Gironde como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/othello/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/othello/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport OTHELLO, VIVC 8838: country CANADA; breeder Arnold, Charles; no pedigree recorded)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, pp. 116 to 117 (Château de Meynard, Condat), p. 312 (Piola)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, p. 37 (phylloxera, Floirac, direct producers)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6e éd., 1893, pp. 27 to 29 (Cépages américains les plus répandus dans la Gironde)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9e éd., 1922, p. 977 (Le Pout, canton de Créon)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904 (article by J. Roy-Chevrier), Othello (pedigree Clinton x Black-Hamburgh in 'Ampélographie comparée'; Graves and Bordeaux merchants, pp. 167 to 168)" ] }, { "id": "triumph", "name": { "en": "Triumph", "pt": "Triumph" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1881, "earliestRecord": "Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, 1881", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1904, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Triumph is a white American hybrid, given by George W. Campbell as Concord crossed with Chasselas musqué, tried in the Gironde as a direct producer after phylloxera.", "pt": "O Triumph é uma uva híbrida americana branca, dada por George W. Campbell como Concord cruzado com Chasselas musqué, testada na Gironde como produtora direta após a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/triumph/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/triumph/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport TRIUMPH, VIVC 12656: pedigree as given CONCORD X CHASSELAS MUSQUE; no marker pedigree; breeder Campbell, George W.)", "Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux, Compte rendu général du Congrès international phylloxérique de Bordeaux (Gironde), du 9 au 16 octobre 1881, 1881, p. 116 (Château de Meynard, Condat), pp. 136 to 137 (hybrids)", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 5e éd., 1886, p. 37 (phylloxera, Floirac, direct producers)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904 (article by J. Roy-Chevrier), Triumph, pp. 187 to 188" ] }, { "id": "isabella", "name": { "en": "Isabella", "pt": "Isabella" }, "status": "once", "role": "american", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": null, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Isabelle", "Sainte-Hélène" ], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1833, "earliestRecord": "“Isabelle”, 1833, in Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines (a grape of Boston); “Isabelle, an American grape”, 1840, in the 1840 edition of James Busby’s Journal (for New South Wales); in the Gironde, the agricultural society’s grafting trials of 1863, as J. Roy-Chevrier reported in Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel’s Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": 1904, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Isabella is a black American grape, by DNA markers a cross of Vitis labrusca and Meslier Petit, grown in Gironde vineyards under the name Sainte-Hélène before and during phylloxera.", "pt": "O Isabella é uma uva americana de bagas pretas, segundo marcadores de DNA um cruzamento de Vitis labrusca e Meslier Petit, cultivada em vinhedos da Gironde com o nome de Sainte-Hélène antes e durante a filoxera." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/isabella/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/isabella/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, accessed October 2026 (passport ISABELLA, VIVC 5560: pedigree as given LABRUSCA X VINIFERA; confirmed by markers LABRUSCA X MESLIER PETIT; synonyms include ISABELLE, SAINTE HELENE)", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 5, 1904 (article by J. Roy-Chevrier), Isabelle, pp. 205 to 210 (1863 trials and Médoc owners p. 207; Souys 1886 p. 207; Bellet and the Gironde interplanting p. 208; Vialla p. 206)", "Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines, 1833", "James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the vineyards of Spain and France, 1840" ] }, { "id": "gros-cabernet", "name": { "en": "Gros Cabernet", "pt": "Gros Cabernet" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 22758, "prime": "GROS CABERNET" }, "identity": "open", "parents": [ { "id": "hondarribi-beltza", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009 (as 'Txakoli'); Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 22758 (as Ondarrabi Beltza)" }, { "id": "fer", "status": "proposed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155, Table 2 (proposed); Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; found poorly supported with SNPs by Laucou et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13:e0192540; VIVC 22758 gives the second parent as unknown" } ], "children": [ { "id": "carmenere", "status": "proposed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155 (VIVC hypothesis 1 of 2); Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram" }, { "id": "castets", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 2325" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1855, "earliestRecord": "Armand d’Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, for the name (he reports Secondat’s older “grosse vigne dure des Graves”)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Gros Cabernet is a black grape identified by DNA, a child of Hondarribi Beltza and a parent of Castets; its name is also an old Médoc name for a vine that was most likely Cabernet Franc.", "pt": "O Gros Cabernet é uma uva tinta identificada por DNA, filho do Hondarribi Beltza e genitor do Castets; seu nome é também um antigo nome do Médoc para uma videira que muito provavelmente era o Cabernet Franc." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/gros-cabernet/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/gros-cabernet/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22758 (pedigree confirmed by markers 'TXAKOLI X ?', prime name of parent 1 ONDARRABI BELTZA, parent 2 '?', 0 synonyms, read October 12, 2026), accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22758, 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers' (Boursiquot et al. 2009; Lacombe et al. 2013; Laucou et al. 2018; D'Onofrio et al. 2021), accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1927 (Cabernet Franc: 106 synonyms, including GROS CABERNET, CROS CABERNET, GROSSE VIDURE, BRETON, VERONAIS, ARROUYA, CARMENET, BOUCHET, CARMENERE; read October 12, 2026), accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2325 (Castets: GROS CABERNET X CAMARAOU NOIR, confirmed by markers), accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2109 (Carmenère: 2 parentage hypotheses), accessed October 2026", "J.-M. Boursiquot, T. Lacombe, V. Laucou et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155, 2009, doi 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00041.x (as cited by VIVC)", "T. Lacombe, J.-M. Boursiquot, V. Laucou et al., 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414, 2013, doi 10.1007/s00122-012-1988-2 (as cited by VIVC)", "Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding & José Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012, pedigree diagrams (Hondarribi Beltza x Fer -> Gros Cabernet; Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet -> Carmenère)", "Armand d'Armailhacq, La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc, 1855, chap. 2, 'Du Cabernet (gros) ou Carmenet' and 'Variétés du gros Cabernet'", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922, p. 608, Clinet", "Bordeaux Reviews, Old names", "Jean-Michel Boursiquot et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15:144-155, 2009, Table 2", "Valérie Laucou et al., 'Extended diversity analysis of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera with 10K genome-wide SNPs', PLoS ONE 13:e0192540, 2018, p. 4 (Gros Cabernet's putative parentage 'poorly supported' with SNPs)" ] }, { "id": "magdeleine-noire-des-charentes", "name": { "en": "Magdeleine Noire des Charentes", "pt": "Magdeleine Noire des Charentes" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 22717, "prime": "MAGDELEINE NOIRE DES CHARENTES" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "merlot", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 7657" }, { "id": "malbec", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 2889" }, { "id": "abouriou", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 34; inverse possible" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Vigne Suliacaise" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2010, "earliestRecord": "Gustavo César Sant’ana, thesis on the genetic and health testing of grapevine nursery stock, 2010 (in the pedigree of Merlot); the vine itself was found at Saint-Suliac in 1996, as José Vouillamoz reported in a Wine Grapes lecture for the Wine Scholar Guild, 2023", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Magdeleine Noire des Charentes is a black French grape, no longer cultivated, that DNA markers show to be a parent of both Merlot and Malbec (Cot).", "pt": "O Magdeleine Noire des Charentes é uma uva tinta francesa, hoje fora de cultivo, que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Merlot e do Malbec (Cot nas regras)." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/magdeleine-noire-des-charentes/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/magdeleine-noire-des-charentes/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22717, accessed October 2026", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al. (2009), 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155; abstract read through the OpenAlex record (as recorded in the Merlot pack: putative mother deduced from chloroplast microsatellites)", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Camille Jollard, La Flavescence Dorée de la vigne (PhD thesis), 2017, https://theses.hal.science/tel-01718515v1", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "Gustavo César Sant'ana, 'Técnicas sorológicas e moleculares na avaliação genética e fitossanitária de mudas e matrizes de videira', thesis, 2010" ] }, { "id": "prunelard", "name": { "en": "Prunelard", "pt": "Prunelard" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 9792, "prime": "PRUNELARD" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "malbec", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155; VIVC 2889" }, { "id": "merille", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 7650" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Prunelart" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1857, "earliestRecord": "Victor Rendu, Ampélographie française, 1857 (a list of grapes that includes “Prunelard”)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Prunelard is a black French grape that DNA markers show to be a parent of Malbec (Cot), the old Bordeaux grape, with Magdeleine Noire des Charentes.", "pt": "O Prunelard é uma uva tinta francesa que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Malbec (Cot nas regras), a antiga uva de Bordeaux, com o Magdeleine Noire des Charentes." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/prunelard/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/prunelard/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 9792, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2889, accessed October 2026 (Cot: pedigree confirmed by markers Magdeleine Noire des Charentes x Prunelard)", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al. (2009), 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2, meilleurs cépages", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, p. 23; identity of 'La Grosse Mérille' as in the Mérille pack (likely)", "van Leeuwen, C. et al. (2019), 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, Figure 6, list of the 52 VitAdapt varieties", "Gastou, P. et al. (2024), 'Gradient of grapevine varietal susceptibility to esca', https://hal.science/hal-04784616v1", "Victor Rendu, Ampélographie française, 1857", "Bordeaux Reviews, Old names" ] }, { "id": "hondarribi-beltza", "name": { "en": "Hondarribi Beltza", "pt": "Hondarribi Beltza" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 8768, "prime": "ONDARRABI BELTZA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "cabernet-franc", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 8768; inverse possible" } ], "children": [ { "id": "gros-cabernet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009 (as 'Txakoli'); Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 22758 (as Ondarrabi Beltza)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Burdigala", "Cruchen Negre", "Hondarrabi Beltza", "Hondarribi Beltza" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2000, "earliestRecord": "“Ondarrabi Beltza”, 2000, in K. M. Sefc and colleagues, study of microsatellite variability in grape cultivars from different European regions; Rafael Ocete and colleagues, study of wild and cultivated vines in the Basque region of Spain and France, 2008", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Hondarribi Beltza is a black Basque grape, a DNA-confirmed parent of Gros Cabernet and so a grandparent of Castets; a proposed link makes it close kin of Cabernet Franc.", "pt": "O Hondarribi Beltza é uma uva tinta basca, progenitor do Gros Cabernet confirmado pelo DNA e, por ele, avô do Castets; um elo proposto o aproxima do Cabernet Franc." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/hondarribi-beltza/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/hondarribi-beltza/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 8768, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22758, accessed October 2026 (Gros Cabernet: one parent by markers, Ondarrabi Beltza, second parent unknown)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2325, accessed October 2026 (Castets: Gros Cabernet x Camaraou Noir by markers)", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al. (2009), 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "Rafael Ocete, María Ángeles López, Antonio Gallardo & Claire Arnold (2008), 'Comparative analysis of wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in the Basque Region of Spain and France'", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023", "Étienne Moreau, Mise en place d'une sélection massale de Cabernet franc au Château Angélus, 2023, https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-04260828v1", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition (2024), Unit 2", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux supérieur (JORF March 30, 2021), as recorded in the Castets, Arinarnoa and Marselan packs", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 5th ed. 1886 and 6th ed. 1893, 'Castets'", "K. M. Sefc et al., 'Microsatellite variability in grapevine cultivars from different European regions and evaluation of assignment testing to assess the geographic origin of cultivars', 2000" ] }, { "id": "morenoa", "name": { "en": "Morenoa", "pt": "Morenoa" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 3265, "prime": "MORENOA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "cabernet-franc", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 3265; inverse possible" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Crouchen", "Crouchen Negre" ], "earliestRecordYear": 2013, "earliestRecord": "Agota Fodor, thesis on genomic selection in Vitis vinifera, 2013 (an accession named Morenoa)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Morenoa is a black grape of Spain’s Basque Country that a proposed DNA link places in a parent and offspring relation with Cabernet Franc, direction open.", "pt": "O Morenoa é uma uva tinta do País Basco espanhol que um elo de DNA proposto coloca numa relação de progenitor e filho com o Cabernet Franc, em sentido ainda aberto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/morenoa/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/morenoa/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 3265, accessed October 2026", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets' (Wine Scholar Guild lecture slides), September 17, 2023", "Étienne Moreau, Mise en place d'une sélection massale de Cabernet franc au Château Angélus, 2023, https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-04260828v1", "Adam-Blondon, A.-F. et al. (2016), 'Towards an open grapevine information system'", "Jean-Marc Touzard, Jacques Gautier & Anne Haller, Vigne et réchauffement climatique, 2016, https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02739146v1", "Agota Fodor, La sélection génomique appliquée à l'espèce Vitis vinifera L. subsp vinifera, thesis, 2013" ] }, { "id": "abouriou", "name": { "en": "Abouriou", "pt": "Abouriou" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 34, "prime": "ABOURIOU" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "magdeleine-noire-des-charentes", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; no pedigree on VIVC 34; inverse possible" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Beaujolais", "Gamay Beaujolais", "Gamay Du Rhone", "Gamay Saint Laurent", "Loubejac", "Malbec Argente", "Negret De La Canourgue", "Noir Hatif", "Plant Abouriou", "Plant De Nauge", "Plant Precoce", "Precoce Nauge", "Precoce Noir", "Pressac De Bourgogne" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1903, "earliestRecord": "“Abouriou”, 1903, in Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 4 (around Villeréal, Lot-et-Garonne, citing Victor Pulliat, 1897); M. Baroň and colleagues, study of rosé wines, 2010 (as a recorded parent of the Slovak variety Nitra)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Abouriou is a black French grape that Wine Grapes proposes as an offspring of Magdeleine Noire des Charentes, which would make it a half-sibling of Merlot and Malbec.", "pt": "O Abouriou é uma uva tinta francesa que o Wine Grapes propõe como filho do Magdeleine Noire des Charentes, o que o tornaria meio-irmão do Merlot e do Malbec (Cot nas regras)." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/abouriou/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/abouriou/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 34, accessed October 2026", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "Camille Jollard, La Flavescence Dorée de la vigne (PhD thesis), 2017, https://theses.hal.science/tel-01718515v1", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al. (2009), 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155 (abstract as read does not name Abouriou)", "Marc Plantevin, L'exploration de la diversité variétale en production viticole à fin d'adaptation au changement climatique, PhD thesis 2025, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04988263v1; Figure S7, downy mildew on leaves and bunches, La Tour Carnet 2050 plot 'Haut', July 23, 2023", "Olivier Geffroy, Arômes poivrés des vins et rotundone (thesis), 2020, citing Culleré et al. 2016", "Kym Anderson & Signe Nelgen, Which Winegrape Varieties Are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture, 2020, Tables 13 and 14", "M. Baroň, M. Kumsta, P. Bábíková & R. Sotolář, 'Interspecific vs. traditional varieties for rosé wines production', 2010", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, t. IV, Paris, Masson, 1903, Abouriou" ] }, { "id": "fer", "name": { "en": "Fer", "pt": "Fer" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 4085, "prime": "FER" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "gros-cabernet", "status": "proposed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2009, AJGWR 15:144-155, Table 2 (proposed); Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram; found poorly supported with SNPs by Laucou et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13:e0192540; VIVC 22758 gives the second parent as unknown" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Arrouya", "Bequignol", "Bordelais", "Bourdales", "Braucol", "Brocol", "Camerouge", "Chalosse Noire", "Chausset", "Fer Noir", "Fer Servadou", "Folle Rouge", "Here", "Herrant" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1846, "earliestRecord": "M. Chevreul, report on Count Odart’s Ampélographie, 1846 (“le fer-servadou”)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Fer, or Fer Servadou, is a black French grape proposed in 2009 as a parent of Gros Cabernet, which would make it a grandparent of Castets; a 2018 DNA study found that link poorly supported.", "pt": "O Fer, ou Fer Servadou, é uma uva tinta francesa proposta em 2009 como progenitor do Gros Cabernet, o que o tornaria avô do Castets; um estudo de DNA de 2018 considerou esse elo pouco sustentado." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/fer/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/fer/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 4085, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22758, accessed October 2026 (Gros Cabernet: second parent unknown)", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagrams", "Olivier Geffroy, Marco Li Calzi, Kasper Ibfelt, Olivier Yobrégat, Carole Feilhès & Thierry Dufourcq (2019), 'Using common viticultural practices to modulate the rotundone and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Fer red wines...', https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-04994400v1", "Marc Plantevin, Sophie Tempère, Cécile Thibon, Lucile Dijkstra, Julien Lecourt, Agnès Destrac-Irvine & Cornelis van Leeuwen (2025), 'No major impact of new grape varieties on Bordeaux wine typicity: expert assessments in blind and non-blind tastings', OENO One, doi 10.20870/oeno-one.2025.59.1.8389", "Marc Plantevin, L'exploration de la diversité variétale en production viticole à fin d'adaptation au changement climatique, PhD thesis 2025, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04988263v1 (wines of the 26 red varieties from the La Tour Carnet 2050 plot)", "Œuvre agricole de Cazalis-Allut, 1865, article XLIV 'Observations sur le vin provenant des cépages cultivés sous le nom de Fer-Servadou, dans plusieurs départements voisins de celui de la Gironde' (published 1860), pp. 304-305", "Rapport de M. Chevreul sur l'ouvrage intitulé Ampélographie... par le comte Odart, 1846, https://archive.org/details/bnf-bpt6k6545096z", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins, 3rd ed., 1874, p. 21; identity as in the Béquignol Noir pack (likely)", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux supérieur (JORF March 30, 2021), as recorded in the Castets, Arinarnoa and Marselan packs", "Jean-Michel Boursiquot et al., 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15:144-155, 2009, Table 2", "Valérie Laucou et al., 'Extended diversity analysis of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera with 10K genome-wide SNPs', PLoS ONE 13:e0192540, 2018, p. 4 (Gros Cabernet's putative parentage 'poorly supported' with SNPs)" ] }, { "id": "camaraou-noir", "name": { "en": "Camaraou Noir", "pt": "Camaraou Noir" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 2017, "prime": "CAMARAOU NOIR" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "castets", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 2325" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Camaralet Noir", "Camaran", "Camaras", "Camarau", "Camaraue Rouge", "Gros Noir", "Moustardet", "Plant Sauvage", "Sparse Menue" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1838, "earliestRecord": "“Camarau rouge, Hautes-Pyrénées”, 1838, in a collection list in James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France; Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel, Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Camaraou Noir is a black grape of the Pyrenees that DNA markers show to be a parent of Castets, with Gros Cabernet; Castets entered the Bordeaux rules in 2021.", "pt": "O Camaraou Noir é uma uva tinta dos Pireneus que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Castets, com o Gros Cabernet; o Castets entrou nas regras de Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/camaraou-noir/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/camaraou-noir/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2017, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2325, accessed October 2026 (Castets: Gros Cabernet x Camaraou Noir by markers)", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "D'Onofrio, C. et al. (2021), 'Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred From SNP Genotyping', Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605934", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel, Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3, 1902, 'Camaraou', https://archive.org/details/traitegeneralvol03unse", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 5th ed. 1886, 'Castets' and 6th ed. 1893, p. 22", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux supérieur (JORF March 30, 2021), as recorded in the Castets, Arinarnoa and Marselan packs", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, as recorded in the Castets and Arinarnoa packs", "James Busby, Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France, 1838" ] }, { "id": "moural", "name": { "en": "Moural", "pt": "Moural" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 24235, "prime": "MOURAL" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "carmenere", "status": "proposed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013, TAG 126:401-414 (VIVC hypothesis 2 of 2)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 2017, "earliestRecord": "Beibei Li and colleagues, HortScience, 2017 (in the pedigree of Cabernet Gernischt); its place as a proposed parent of Carmenère comes from Thierry Lacombe and colleagues, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013, as cited by VIVC", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Moural is a black French grape that a 2013 DNA study proposed as a parent of Carmenère, with Cabernet Franc; a rival study names Gros Cabernet, and the question is open.", "pt": "O Moural é uma uva tinta francesa que um estudo de DNA de 2013 propôs como progenitor do Carmenère, com o Cabernet Franc; um estudo rival aponta o Gros Cabernet, e a questão está em aberto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/moural/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/moural/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 24235, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2109, accessed October 2026 (Carmenère: 'DIFFERENT PROPOSITIONS'; remark 'Several parentage hypotheses exist.' and 'Analysis of additional nSSR or SNP markers or other proofs are needed to determine the correct parentage.')", "Boursiquot, J.-M. et al. (2009), 'Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 15 (2):144-155", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Wilhelm Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 1st ed., 1824, ch. 2, meilleurs cépages", "Beibei Li et al. (2017), 'Molecular Characterization of Chinese Grape Landraces (Vitis L.) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers'", "Zhong, X. M., Yao, Y. X., Du, Y. P. & Zhai, H. (2012), ''Cabernet Gernischt' is most likely to be 'Carmenère'', Vitis 51 (3):125-127", "Beibei Li et al., 'Molecular Characterization of Chinese Grape Landraces (Vitis L.) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers', HortScience, 2017" ] }, { "id": "tannat", "name": { "en": "Tannat", "pt": "Tannat" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 12257, "prime": "TANNAT" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "arinarnoa", "status": "confirmed", "source": "ENTAV-ITV catalog 2007; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 599" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Bordelais Noir", "Bordelez Beltza", "Bordeleza Belcha", "Harriague", "Madiran", "Moustron", "Moustroun", "Tanat", "Tannat Gris", "Tannat Noir Femelle", "Tannat Noir Male" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1828, "earliestRecord": "“Le tannat”, 1828, in B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne (Jurançon and Gan); “le tanat”, 1846, in M. Chevreul, report on Count Odart’s Ampélographie (Hautes-Pyrénées)", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Tannat is a black French grape and, DNA markers show, a parent of Arinarnoa with Cabernet Sauvignon, a cross made in Bordeaux and admitted into AOC Bordeaux in 2021.", "pt": "O Tannat é uma uva tinta francesa e, como mostram marcadores de DNA, progenitor do Arinarnoa com o Cabernet Sauvignon, um cruzamento feito em Bordeaux e admitido na AOC Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/tannat/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/tannat/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 12257, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 599, accessed October 2026 (Arinarnoa: Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon by markers; breeder record Merlot Rouge x Petit Verdot; breeder Durquety, INRA Bordeaux, crossed 1956)", "Anonymous (ENTAV-ITV), Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France, 2nd ed., 2007", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Rapport de M. Chevreul sur l'ouvrage intitulé Ampélographie... par le comte Odart, 1846, https://archive.org/details/bnf-bpt6k6545096z", "van Leeuwen, C. et al. (2019), 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, Figure 6, list of the 52 VitAdapt varieties", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux supérieur (JORF March 30, 2021), as recorded in the Castets, Arinarnoa and Marselan packs", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, as recorded in the Castets and Arinarnoa packs", "B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne et de la vinification, 1828" ] }, { "id": "grenache", "name": { "en": "Grenache", "pt": "Grenache" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 4461, "prime": "GARNACHA TINTA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "marselan", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 16383 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" }, { "id": "alicante-henri-bouschet", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 304 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Alicante De Pays", "Alicante Roussillon", "Aragonais", "Espagnin Noir", "Grenache", "Grenache A Fleurs Femelles", "Grenache De Cosperon", "Grenache Noir", "Grenache Rouge", "Limouxin", "Navarre De La Dordogne", "Rivesaltes", "Roussillon", "Rouvaillard" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "“grenaches”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (Vaucluse and Roussillon); Alexander Henderson, History of Ancient and Modern Wines, 1824", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Grenache, Garnacha in Spain, is a black Spanish grape that DNA markers show to be a parent of Marselan, with Cabernet Sauvignon, admitted into AOC Bordeaux in 2021.", "pt": "O Grenache, Garnacha na Espanha, é uma uva tinta espanhola que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Marselan, com o Cabernet Sauvignon, admitido na AOC Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/grenache/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/grenache/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 4461, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 16383, accessed October 2026 (Marselan: Cabernet Sauvignon x Grenache by markers, breeder record agrees; breeder Paul Truel, crossed 1961)", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 304, accessed October 2026 (Alicante Henri Bouschet: Petit Bouschet x Grenache by markers, breeder record agrees; Henri Bouschet, 1855)", "Alexander Henderson, The History of Ancient and Modern Wines, 1824, p. 178-179", "A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, 1842", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, index", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC Bordeaux and Bordeaux supérieur (JORF March 30, 2021), as recorded in the Castets, Arinarnoa and Marselan packs", "van Leeuwen, C. et al. (2019), 'An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations', Agronomy 9:514, Figure 6, list of the 52 VitAdapt varieties", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Vaucluse and Roussillon" ] }, { "id": "dureza", "name": { "en": "Dureza", "pt": "Dureza" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 22231, "prime": "DUREZA" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "syrah", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 11748" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 2000, "earliestRecord": "J. E. Bowers and colleagues, Acta Horticulturae 528, 2000", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Dureza is a black grape of the Ardèche that DNA markers show to be a parent of Syrah, with Mondeuse Blanche; Syrah was once planted in the Gironde.", "pt": "O Dureza é uma uva tinta da Ardèche que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Syrah, com o Mondeuse Blanche; o Syrah já foi plantado na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/dureza/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/dureza/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 22231 (Dureza: no pedigree; synonyms DURE, DURET, DUREZZA, PETIT DURET, PETITE DURET, SERENE, SERINE), read October 12, 2026, accessed October 2026", "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 11748, accessed October 2026 (Syrah: Mondeuse Blanche x Dureza by markers; SERINE among the synonyms)", "Bowers, J. E., Siret, R., Meredith, C. P., This, P. & Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Vouillamoz, J. F. & Grando, M. S. (2006), 'Genealogy of wine grape cultivars: Pinot is related to Syrah', Heredity, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800842", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868", "M. du Puits de Maconex, Guide du propriétaire de vigne, Bordeaux, P. Chaumas, 1850 (bound with A. Joubert, Culture de la vigne dans le Médoc, in the library copy)", "Bordeaux Reviews, Old names" ] }, { "id": "mondeuse-blanche", "name": { "en": "Mondeuse Blanche", "pt": "Mondeuse Blanche" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 7919, "prime": "MONDEUSE BLANCHE" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "syrah", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 11748" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Mondeuse Blanche is a white grape of Savoie that DNA markers show is a parent of Syrah, with Dureza; it enters the Bordeaux tree through Syrah, a vine the Médoc once planted.", "pt": "O Mondeuse Blanche é uma uva branca da Savoia que marcadores de DNA mostram ser progenitor do Syrah, com o Dureza; entra na árvore de Bordeaux pelo Syrah, que o Médoc já plantou." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/mondeuse-blanche/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/mondeuse-blanche/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, prime-name search 'MONDEUSE BLANCHE' (id 7919) and passport id 11748 (Syrah), accessed October 2026", "Bowers, J. E., Siret, R., Meredith, C. P., This, P. & Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), Syrah and Mondeuse pedigree diagrams and captions", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; his title 'professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde' from Édouard Féret, Almanach du buveur, 1870" ] }, { "id": "savagnin", "name": { "en": "Savagnin", "pt": "Savagnin" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 17636, "prime": "SAVAGNIN BLANC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "sauvignon-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; D'Onofrio et al. 2021; VIVC 10790" }, { "id": "chenin-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2527" }, { "id": "bequignol-noir", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 1147" }, { "id": "teinturier", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 12304" }, { "id": "prueras", "status": "confirmed", "source": "D'Onofrio et al. 2021; Laucou et al. 2018; VIVC 9785" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Auvernat Blanc", "Formentin", "Fromenteau", "Fromentin", "Gentil Blanc", "Gringet", "Malvoisie", "Milleran", "Nature", "Naturel", "Noble Vert", "Paien", "Plant Paien", "Sauvagnin" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1828, "earliestRecord": "“Le savagnin”, 1828, in B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne (Jura); “savagnin jaune”, 1833, in Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines (Jura); “le savagnin vert”, 1846, in M. Chevreul, report on Count Odart’s Ampélographie (Arbois); in the Gironde books only as an old Burgundy name for Sauvignon: Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins, 1868", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Savagnin, or Traminer, is an old white of northeast France or southwest Germany; DNA markers show it is a parent of Sauvignon Blanc and so a grandparent of Cabernet Sauvignon.", "pt": "O Savagnin, ou Traminer, é uma uva branca antiga do nordeste da França ou do sudoeste da Alemanha; o DNA mostra que é progenitor do Sauvignon Blanc e, por ele, um dos avós do Cabernet Sauvignon." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/savagnin/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/savagnin/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 17636 (Savagnin Blanc) and passport id 12609 (Gewürztraminer, pedigree 'SAVAGNIN ROSE MUTATION'), accessed October 2026", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets', Wine Grapes lecture 2, Wine Scholar Guild, September 17, 2023", "Bowers, J. E., Siret, R., Meredith, C. P., This, P. & Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Regner, F. et al. (2000), 'Genetic relationships among Pinots and related cultivars', American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 51 (1):7-14 (as cited in the Vouillamoz lecture)", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "D'Onofrio, C. et al. (2021), 'Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred From SNP Genotyping', Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605934", "Bowers, J. E. & Meredith, C. P. (1997), 'The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon', Nature Genetics 16:84-87", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 24", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 9th ed., 1922", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868; his title 'professeur d'agriculture du département de la Gironde' from Édouard Féret, Almanach du buveur, 1870", "B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne et de la vinification, 1828", "Cyrus Redding, A History and Description of Modern Wines, 1833" ] }, { "id": "gouais-blanc", "name": { "en": "Gouais Blanc", "pt": "Gouais Blanc" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 5374, "prime": "HEUNISCH WEISS" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "colombard", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2771" }, { "id": "muscadelle", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 8182" }, { "id": "chalosse-noire", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Boursiquot et al. 2004, Bull. OIV 77:5-19; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 22964" }, { "id": "folle-blanche", "status": "proposed", "source": "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram (gray 'Various' box); not on VIVC 4183" }, { "id": "chardonnay", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 1999, Science 285:1562-1565; VIVC 2455" }, { "id": "aramon", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 544 marker pedigree" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Bouillaud", "Bouillen", "Bouillenc", "Bourguignon", "Foirard", "Gouais", "Gouais Blanc", "Gouais Jaune", "Gouais Long", "Gouais Rond", "Gouay", "Gouet Blanc", "Gouche Blanche", "Gros Blanc" ], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Gouais Blanc, filed by VIVC as Heunisch Weiss, is a founder white once widespread in northeast France, of uncertain origin; DNA markers show it is a parent of Muscadelle and Colombard.", "pt": "O Gouais Blanc, registrado no VIVC como Heunisch Weiss, é uma uva branca fundadora, outrora difundida no nordeste da França, de origem incerta; o DNA o mostra progenitor do Muscadelle e do Colombard." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/gouais-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/gouais-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 5374 (Heunisch Weiss), and passports 8182 (Muscadelle), 2771 (Colombard), 22964 (Chalosse Noire), 544 (Aramon Noir), accessed October 2026", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets', Wine Grapes lecture 2, Wine Scholar Guild, September 17, 2023", "Bowers, J. et al. (1999), 'Historical genetics: the parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay, and other wine grapes of northeastern France', Science 285:1562-1565", "Boursiquot, J.-M., Lacombe, T., Bowers, J. & Meredith, C. (2004), 'Le Gouais, un cépage clé du patrimoine viticole européen', Bulletin de l'OIV 77:5-19 (as cited by VIVC)", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "Bowers, J. E., Siret, R., Meredith, C. P., This, P. & Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree gatefold, gray 'Gouais Blanc x Various' box", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux (opposition draft after the CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020; homologated March 22, 2021), ch. I, V.1 a, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Pl@ntGrape, le catalogue des vignes cultivées en France (INRAE, IFV, Institut Agro), Gouais blanc, https://plantgrape.plantnet-project.org, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "prueras", "name": { "en": "Pruéras", "pt": "Pruéras" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 9785, "prime": "PRUERAS" }, "identity": "open", "parents": [ { "id": "savagnin", "status": "confirmed", "source": "D'Onofrio et al. 2021; Laucou et al. 2018; VIVC 9785" } ], "children": [], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [ "Prueras", "Prunelat", "Chalosse", "OEuil de tour", "Oil-de-tourd", "Blanc-Pic", "Annereau", "Blanc-Ramet", "Jacquet", "Jacquot" ], "vivcNames": [ "Annereau", "Blanc Pic", "Canut", "Chalosse Blanche", "Jacquet", "Menu Blanc", "Millenc", "Oeil De Tour", "Petouche", "Pruera", "Prunalay", "Prunelat" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1845, "earliestRecord": "M. de Secondat’s list, printed 1785, as Auguste Petit-Lafitte reported in 1868 (as “Prunelat”); first direct record: William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Pruéras is a white grape that Wine Grapes places in the Gironde; DNA markers give Savagnin as one parent, and the old books describe a “Prueras” whose identity is still open.", "pt": "O Pruéras é uma uva branca que o Wine Grapes situa na Gironde; o DNA dá o Savagnin como um de seus progenitores, e os velhos livros descrevem um “Prueras” de identidade ainda em aberto." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/prueras/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/prueras/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 9785 and its 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers', accessed October 2026", "Laucou, V. et al. (2018), 'Extended diversity analysis of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera with 10K genome-wide SNPs', PLoS ONE 13 (2):e0192540", "D'Onofrio, C. et al. (2021), 'Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred From SNP Genotyping', Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605934", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram", "William Franck, Traité sur les vins du Médoc, 2nd ed., 1845, ch. 3, vignes blanches", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 2nd ed., 1868, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Auguste Petit-Lafitte, La vigne dans le Bordelais, 1868, Deuxième division, J. Le Pruéras", "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret), Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 3rd ed., 1874, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 26", "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite, 6th ed., 1893, 'Cépages de vignes blanches', p. 27", "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.), Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, Vol. 3, 1902, 'Blanc Ramé' (A. Verneuil et J.-M. Guillon)" ] }, { "id": "chenin-blanc", "name": { "en": "Chenin Blanc", "pt": "Chenin Blanc" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 2527, "prime": "CHENIN BLANC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "savagnin", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2527" } ], "children": [ { "id": "colombard", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 2000, Acta Hort. 528:129-132; Lacombe et al. 2013; VIVC 2771 (VIVC notes several hypotheses)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Blanc D'Anjou", "Blanc D'Aunis", "Blanc Emery", "Bon Blanc", "Capbreton Blanc", "Cruchinet", "Cugnette", "Franc Blanc", "Gros Pineau De Vouvray", "Mancais Blanc", "Pineau Blanc", "Pineau D'Anjou", "Pineau De La Loire", "Plant D'Anjou" ], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "“le chenin”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (Chinon); near Bordeaux, Louise Durand, INRA trial plot in the Bordelais, 2012", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Chenin Blanc is the Loire white, a child of Savagnin by DNA markers; with Gouais Blanc it is a parent of Colombard, an accessory white grape of AOC Bordeaux.", "pt": "O Chenin Blanc é a uva branca do Loire, descendente do Savagnin pelo DNA; com o Gouais Blanc é progenitor do Colombard, uva branca acessória da AOC Bordeaux." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/chenin-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/chenin-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2527 and its 'Bibliography to pedigree confirmed by markers'; passport id 2771 (Colombard), accessed October 2026", "Lacombe, T. et al. (2013), 'Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)', Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 (2):401-414", "D'Onofrio, C. et al. (2021), 'Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred From SNP Genotyping', Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605934", "Laucou, V. et al. (2018), 'Extended diversity analysis of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera with 10K genome-wide SNPs', PLoS ONE 13 (2):e0192540", "Bowers, J. E., Siret, R., Meredith, C. P., This, P. & Boursiquot, J.-M. (2000), 'A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France', Acta Horticulturae 528:129-132", "Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes (2012), pedigree diagram", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux (opposition draft after the CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020; homologated March 22, 2021), ch. I, V.1 a, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, modification du cahier des charges AOC Côtes de Bourg adoptée par le Comité national le 7 février 2023 (national opposition procedure draft), ch. I, V.1 b, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBourg-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Louise Durand, Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais (master's thesis, 2012), Figure 8 and annex, https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00772947v1", "Bordeaux Reviews, château profiles", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816, Indre-et-Loire" ] }, { "id": "chardonnay", "name": { "en": "Chardonnay", "pt": "Chardonnay" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 2455, "prime": "CHARDONNAY BLANC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [ { "id": "gouais-blanc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Bowers et al. 1999, Science 285:1562-1565; VIVC 2455" } ], "children": [ { "id": "liliorila", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 6834 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": 1816, "earliestRecord": "“chardenet de la Champagne”, 1816, in André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus; “Le chardonnay”, 1828, in B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne (Saône-et-Loire); near Bordeaux, Louise Durand, INRA trial plot in the Bordelais, 2012", "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Chardonnay, the Burgundy white that DNA markers show is a cross of Gouais Blanc and Pinot, is a parent of Liliorila, admitted in Bordeaux in 2021, and is grown by a few Gironde estates profiled on this site.", "pt": "O Chardonnay, uva branca da Borgonha que o DNA mostra ser cruzamento de Gouais Blanc com Pinot, é progenitor do Liliorila, admitido em Bordeaux em 2021, e é cultivado por algumas propriedades da Gironde apresentadas neste site." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/chardonnay/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/chardonnay/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 2455 (Chardonnay Blanc) and passport id 6834 (Liliorila), accessed October 2026", "Bowers, J. et al. (1999), 'Historical genetics: the parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay, and other wine grapes of northeastern France', Science 285:1562-1565", "José Vouillamoz, 'The Powerful Potentates of the Grape World: Noiriens and Carmenets', Wine Grapes lecture 2, Wine Scholar Guild, September 17, 2023", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' and 'Bordeaux supérieur', JORF March 30, 2021", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux (opposition draft after the CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020; homologated March 22, 2021), ch. I, V.1 a, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, draft cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux adopted by the Comité national on February 12, 2026 (national opposition procedure, not yet homologated), ch. I, V.1 a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux2026.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Louise Durand, Mise en place d'un protocole de traitement de données pour l'étude de l'adaptation d'une large gamme de cépages aux évolutions climatiques en Bordelais (master's thesis, 2012), Figure 8 and annex, https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00772947v1", "Bordeaux Reviews, château profiles", "André Jullien, Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, 1st ed., 1816", "B. A. Lenoir, Traité de la culture de la vigne et de la vinification, 1828", "Colin Hay, 'Château du Tertre partners with Ulysse Cazabonne to launch “iconoclastic” white blend', The Drinks Business, March 9, 2026, https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2026/03/chateau-du-tertre-partners-with-ulysse-cazabonne-to-launch-iconoclastic-white-blend, accessed October 2026 (the text gives Chardonnay as just under half of the 2024 blend, the tasting note 46%)" ] }, { "id": "baroque", "name": { "en": "Baroque", "pt": "Baroque" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 1005, "prime": "BAROQUE" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "liliorila", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 6834 marker pedigree (breeder record agrees)" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": null, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Blanc Bordelais", "Bordales", "Bordelais", "Bordelais Blanc", "Boudales", "Bourdales", "Bourdelas", "Folle", "Muscadelle De Nantes", "Petit Bordelais", "Plant Bordelais", "Sable Blanc" ], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Baroque is a rare white grape of southwest France; with Chardonnay it is a parent of Liliorila, bred at INRA Bordeaux in 1956 and admitted to AOC Bordeaux in 2021.", "pt": "O Baroque é uma rara uva branca do sudoeste da França; com o Chardonnay é progenitor do Liliorila, criado no INRA de Bordeaux em 1956 e admitido na AOC Bordeaux em 2021." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/baroque/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/baroque/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 1005 (Baroque) and passport id 6834 (Liliorila), accessed October 2026", "Wine Scholar Guild / Mary Gorman-McAdams MW, Bordeaux Masters study manual, 5th edition, 2024, Unit 2", "Kym Anderson & Signe Nelgen, Which Winegrape Varieties Are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture, 2020, Table 13", "Arrêtés of March 22, 2021 homologating the cahiers des charges of AOC 'Bordeaux' and 'Bordeaux supérieur', JORF March 30, 2021", "INAO, cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux (opposition draft after the CNAOV opinion of November 18, 2020; homologated March 22, 2021), ch. I, V.1 a, https://winewitandwisdomswe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cahier-des-Charges-AOC-Bordeaux-updated-November-2020.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "villaris", "name": { "en": "Villaris", "pt": "Villaris" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 20347, "prime": "VILLARIS" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "floreal", "status": "proposed", "source": "VIVC 25805, breeder record only" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Eibach, Rudolf; Töpfer, Reinhard", "institute": "Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof", "year": 1984 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Villaris is a white grape bred in Germany in 1984 from Sirius and Vidal Blanc; the breeder’s record makes it a parent of Floréal, a resistant white now planted in the Gironde.", "pt": "O Villaris é uma uva branca criada na Alemanha em 1984, de Sirius com Vidal Blanc; o registro do melhorista o dá como progenitor do Floréal, branca resistente já plantada na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/villaris/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/villaris/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 20347 (Villaris) and passport id 25805 (Floréal), accessed October 2026", "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales, https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "regent", "name": { "en": "Regent", "pt": "Regent" }, "status": "kin", "role": "red", "berryColor": "noir", "vivc": { "id": 4572, "prime": "REGENT" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "vidoc", "status": "confirmed", "source": "VIVC 25806 marker pedigree" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Alleweldt, Gerhardt", "institute": "Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof", "year": 1967 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Regent is a German red crossed in 1967 from Diana and Chambourcin; DNA markers show it is a parent of Vidoc, a resistant red bred by INRA and the JKI and now planted in the Gironde.", "pt": "O Regent é uma uva tinta alemã cruzada em 1967, de Diana com Chambourcin; o DNA mostra que é progenitor do Vidoc, tinta resistente criada pelo INRA e pelo JKI e já plantada na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/regent/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/regent/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 4572 (Regent) and passport id 25806 (Vidoc), accessed October 2026", "Aleksandra Burdziej, Effect of selected elicitors on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) primary and secondary metabolism: focus on stilbenes and triterpenoids (doctoral thesis, 2020), citing Bosak 2018, https://theses.hal.science/tel-03938885v1", "INRAE, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (Colmar), 'Des variétés innovantes pour accompagner la transition agroécologique du vignoble', fiches variétales, https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-Colmar-SVQV-Fiches-varietales-Fr_0.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "seyval-blanc", "name": { "en": "Seyval Blanc", "pt": "Seyval Blanc" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "blanc", "vivc": { "id": 11558, "prime": "SEYVAL BLANC" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "souvignier-gris", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Röckel, Maul & Töpfer, BÖLN project (in preparation), cited by VIVC 22629" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Seyve-Villard, Bertille", "institute": "Private breeder", "year": null }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [ "Seyve Villard 5276", "Sv 5276", "Seyve Villard 5-276", "5276 Seyve Villard" ], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Seyval Blanc is a French hybrid white, Seyve-Villard 5276; DNA markers show that with Zähringer it is a parent of Souvignier Gris, a resistant white now planted in the Gironde.", "pt": "O Seyval Blanc é um híbrido branco francês, o Seyve-Villard 5276; o DNA mostra que, com o Zähringer, é progenitor do Souvignier Gris, branca resistente já plantada na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/seyval-blanc/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/seyval-blanc/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 11558 (Seyval Blanc), passport id 9945 (Rayon d'Or, synonym SEIBEL 4986) and passport id 22629 (Souvignier Gris), accessed October 2026", "François Delmotte & Olivier Jacquet, Histoire des maladies de la vigne et de leur impact sur la filière viticole, ses normes et ses pratiques: regards croisés d'un biologiste et d'un historien, 2025, https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05304637v1", "Röckel, F., Maul, E. & Töpfer, R., BÖLN project (in preparation), as cited by VIVC passport 22629 (Souvignier Gris)", "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "Chambre d'agriculture de la Gironde, PNDV Tour 2023, 'Évolution et pilotage de l'encépagement' (Charlier, Vecchiato), slide 28, https://gironde.chambre-agriculture.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Nouvelle-Aquitaine/100_Inst-Gironde/Documents/pdf_home_page_actualites/2023/PNDV_TOUR_2023_Evolution_et_pilotage_de_l_encepagement_CHARLIER_VECCHIATO.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] }, { "id": "zaehringer", "name": { "en": "Zähringer", "pt": "Zähringer" }, "status": "kin", "role": "white", "berryColor": "rose", "vivc": { "id": 13367, "prime": "ZAEHRINGER" }, "identity": "settled", "parents": [], "children": [ { "id": "souvignier-gris", "status": "confirmed", "source": "Röckel, Maul & Töpfer, BÖLN project (in preparation), cited by VIVC 22629" } ], "mutationOf": [], "mutations": [], "bred": { "breeder": "Zimmermann, Johannes", "institute": "Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, Abteilung Weinbau", "year": 1939 }, "namesAsPrinted": [], "vivcNames": [], "earliestRecordYear": null, "earliestRecord": null, "crossedYear": null, "cross": null, "lastRecordYear": null, "rules": [], "area": [], "timeline": [], "line": { "en": "Zähringer is a Traminer × Riesling cross made at Freiburg in 1939; DNA markers show that with Seyval Blanc it is a parent of Souvignier Gris, a resistant white now planted in the Gironde.", "pt": "O Zähringer é um cruzamento de Traminer com Riesling feito em Freiburg em 1939; o DNA mostra que, com o Seyval Blanc, é progenitor do Souvignier Gris, branca resistente já plantada na Gironde." }, "page": { "en": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/grapes/zaehringer/", "pt": "https://bordeauxreviews.com/pt/uvas/zaehringer/" }, "sources": [ "Röckel et al. (2026): Vitis International Variety Catalogue, www.vivc.de, passport id 13367 (Zaehringer), passport id 12609 (Gewürztraminer, pedigree 'SAVAGNIN ROSE MUTATION') and passport id 22629 (Souvignier Gris), accessed October 2026", "Röckel, F., Maul, E. & Töpfer, R., BÖLN project (in preparation), as cited by VIVC passport 22629 (Souvignier Gris)", "INAO, 'Modification du cahier des charges de l'AOP Bordeaux supérieur adoptée par le Comité national en séance du 7 février 2023' (national opposition procedure draft), https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/CDCBordeauxSuperieur-PNO2023.pdf, accessed October 2026", "INAO, draft cahier des charges AOC Bordeaux adopted by the Comité national on February 12, 2026 (national opposition procedure, not yet homologated), ch. I, V.1 a, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/2-CDC-Bordeaux2026.pdf, accessed October 2026" ] } ], "oldNames": [ { "printed": "Amaroye", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Charles Cocks and Édouard Féret, in Bordeaux et ses vins (1868, 1874, and 1893), describe the Amaroye as a black grape with large, long-stalked leaves, red wood, and pleasant-tasting berries, and Raimond Boireau listed it in 1892 among the abundant grapes of the common Gironde wines. The ampelographies leave it unidentified, and VIVC has no passport under the name. Its modern identity is unknown.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret, Bordeaux et ses vins (1868, 1874 e 1893), descreve o Amaroye como uma uva preta de folhas grandes e pecíolo comprido, madeira vermelha e bagas de gosto agradável, e Raimond Boireau o incluiu em 1892 entre as uvas abundantes dos vinhos comuns da Gironde. As ampelografias não o identificam, e o VIVC não tem passaporte com esse nome. A identidade moderna é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Amaroye : Ce cépage se distingue par ses grandes feuilles à pétiole très-allongé, par son bois rouge et par ses grains noirs et d’un goût agréable.", "en": "Amaroye: this grape is known by its large leaves on a very long stalk, its red wood, and its black berries with a pleasant taste." } ] }, { "printed": "Auxerrois", "variants": [], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "malbec" ], "en": "Armand d’Armailhacq, a Médoc proprietor, wrote in 1855 that one variety of the malbec is called cahors in the Gers and auxerrois in the Lot, and Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition again gives Auxerrois as a Lot name of the Malbec. In the Gironde books the name only ever appears as a Malbec name from outside the department, and VIVC lists AUXERROIS among the synonyms of Cot. The caution is Auxerrois Blanc, a distinct white grape (a cross of Pinot and Gouais Blanc on the Wine Grapes pedigree sheets, Robinson, Harding, and Vouillamoz, 2012), so a white ‘auxerrois’ would be another grape.", "pt": "Armand d’Armailhacq, proprietário no Médoc, escreveu em 1855 que uma das variedades do malbec se chama cahors no Gers e auxerrois no Lot, e a edição de 1922 do guia de Cocks e Féret repete Auxerrois como nome do Malbec no Lot. Nos livros da Gironde o nome só aparece como nome do Malbec vindo de fora do departamento, e o VIVC traz AUXERROIS entre os sinônimos do Cot. O cuidado é com o Auxerrois Blanc, uva branca distinta (cruzamento de Pinot e Gouais Blanc nas árvores genealógicas do Wine Grapes, de Robinson, Harding e Vouillamoz, 2012): um ‘auxerrois’ branco seria outra uva.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "c'est celui qu'on appelle cahors dans le Gers, et auxerrois dans le Lot.", "en": "it is the one called cahors in the Gers, and auxerrois in the Lot." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "Auxerrois , Plant - de - Meraou ( dans le Lot ) .", "en": "Auxerrois, Plant-de-Meraou (in the Lot)." } ] }, { "printed": "Balouzat", "variants": [ "balouzat" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "malbec", "merille" ], "en": "André Jullien listed the balouzat with the malbek among the red grapes of the Graves in 1816, and William Franck described a ‘Balouzat’ in 1845 as a grape apart, with reddish wood and round, dark-wined berries. Cocks and Féret (1868) made balouzat a Graves name of the Hourcat and added that it is also given to the Malbec in the Entre-deux-Mers; their 1874 edition puts Balouzat among the Malbec’s own names. VIVC has no grape of that prime name and lists BALOUZAT under both Cot and Mérille. The name sits between the Malbec, the Mérille, and the lost Hourcat, and it stays open.", "pt": "André Jullien pôs o balouzat ao lado do malbek entre as uvas tintas das Graves em 1816, e William Franck descreveu em 1845 um ‘Balouzat’ como uva à parte, de madeira avermelhada e bagas redondas. O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) fez de balouzat um nome do Hourcat nas Graves e acrescentou que o nome também é dado ao Malbec no Entre-deux-Mers; a edição de 1874 coloca Balouzat entre os nomes do próprio Malbec. O VIVC não tem uva com esse nome principal e traz BALOUZAT como sinônimo do Cot e do Mérille. O nome fica entre o Malbec, o Mérille e o Hourcat perdido, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les vins ronges des cantons dits les Graves , sont produits par le carmenet, le verdot, le tarnex , le malbek et le balouzat.", "en": "The red wines of the cantons called the Graves are made from the carmenet, the verdot, the tarnex, the malbek, and the balouzat." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "Le nom de balouzat est aussi donné au malbec dans l'Entre - deux - Mers .", "en": "The name balouzat is also given to the malbec in the Entre-deux-Mers." } ] }, { "printed": "Béquignol", "variants": [ "Bequignol", "Béquignaou" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "bequignol-noir", "fer" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) give Béquignol as the name used in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne for the grape called Fer at Macau and in the canton of Carbon-Blanc; their 1893 edition adds Béquignaou. VIVC lists BEQUIGNOL and BEQUIGNAOU under Béquignol Noir, and again under Fer (Fer Servadou), so the catalog holds the name in 2 places. A close spelling must be kept apart: Béquin, a white grape that VIVC files under Mauzac. No source settles which of the 2 black grapes the Gironde growers had.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) dá Béquignol como o nome usado em várias comunas da margem direita do Garonne para a uva chamada Fer em Macau e no cantão de Carbon-Blanc; a edição de 1893 acrescenta Béquignaou. O VIVC traz BEQUIGNOL e BEQUIGNAOU sob o Béquignol Noir e de novo sob o Fer (Fer Servadou), de modo que o catálogo guarda o nome em 2 lugares. Uma grafia vizinha deve ficar à parte: Béquin, uva branca que o VIVC põe sob o Mauzac. Nenhuma fonte resolve qual das 2 uvas pretas os viticultores da Gironde cultivavam.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Fer (à Macau et dans le canton du Carbon-Blanc). Béquignol (dans plusieurs communes de la rive droite de la Garonne).", "en": "Fer (at Macau and in the canton of Carbon-Blanc). Béquignol (in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Béquignaou ou Bequignol ( dans plusieurs communes de la rive droite de la Garonne , surtout dans le canton du Carbon - Blanc ) .", "en": "Béquignaou or Bequignol (in several communes on the right bank of the Garonne, above all in the canton of Carbon-Blanc)." } ] }, { "printed": "Blanc-Auba", "variants": [ "Blanc Auba", "Blanc-Aouba", "auba", "blancaubat" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "blanc-auba", "ugni-blanc" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) named the auba among the grapes of the white wines of Barsac, Preignac, and Sauternes, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) reported Secondat’s word that it made the esteemed wine of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont. G. Cazeaux-Cazalet, in Viala and Vermorel’s Ampélographie (1902), describes it as a distinct late white that lasted in the old Gironde vineyards until phylloxera, and Cocks and Féret (1922) list Blanc-Aouba apart from Ugni-Blanc. On the other side, Cocks and Féret (1893) give it the Charentes name Saint-Émilion-des-Charentes, and VIVC lists BLANC AUBA and SAINT EMILION DES CHARENTES among the synonyms of Trebbiano Toscano, the Ugni Blanc. The name sits between a lost local white and the Ugni Blanc.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) incluiu o auba entre as uvas dos vinhos brancos de Barsac, Preignac e Sauternes, e Petit-Lafitte (1868) relatou a afirmação de Secondat de que ele fazia o apreciado vinho de Sainte-Croix-du-Mont. G. Cazeaux-Cazalet, na Ampélographie de Viala e Vermorel (1902), o descreve como uma branca tardia e distinta, que resistiu nos velhos vinhedos da Gironde até a filoxera, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1922) lista o Blanc-Aouba separado do Ugni-Blanc. Do outro lado, o guia de 1893 lhe dá o nome charentês Saint-Émilion-des-Charentes, e o VIVC traz BLANC AUBA e SAINT EMILION DES CHARENTES entre os sinônimos do Trebbiano Toscano, o Ugni Blanc. O nome fica entre uma branca local perdida e o Ugni Blanc.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.)", "title": "Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3", "year": 1902, "fr": "Il a subsisté en quantité appréciable dans les anciennes vignes blanches des coteaux de la Gironde jusqu'au moment où le Phylloxéra les a anéanties.", "en": "It survived in appreciable quantity in the old white vineyards of the Gironde hillsides until phylloxera wiped them out." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Blanc - Auba ( Saint - Émilion - des - Charentes ) .", "en": "Blanc-Auba (Saint-Émilion-des-Charentes)." } ] }, { "printed": "Blanc-Doux", "variants": [ "Blanc doux", "Douce-Blanche", "Douceblanche", "Blanc-Mou (Secondat)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "sauvignon-blanc", "semillon", "muscadelle" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) named the blanc doux among the white grapes of the Graves, and Franck (1845) and Cocks and Féret (1868, 1874) describe a delicate, very sweet white that rarely bore 2 years running; Petit-Lafitte (1868) took it to be Secondat’s ‘Blanc-Mou’. Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition gives ‘Douceblanche ou Blanc-Doux’ as Libournais names of the Sauvignon, yet the same book keeps a separate Blanc-Doux among the minor whites. VIVC lists BLANC DOUX under both Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc, and BLANCHE DOUCE under Muscadelle. The grape behind the name is open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) incluiu o blanc doux entre as uvas brancas das Graves, e Franck (1845) e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868, 1874) descrevem uma branca delicada e muito doce, que raramente produzia 2 anos seguidos; Petit-Lafitte (1868) a identificou com o ‘Blanc-Mou’ de Secondat. A edição de 1922 do guia dá ‘Douceblanche ou Blanc-Doux’ como nomes do Sauvignon no Libournais, mas o mesmo livro mantém um Blanc-Doux separado entre as brancas menores. O VIVC traz BLANC DOUX como sinônimo do Sémillon e do Sauvignon Blanc, e BLANCHE DOUCE sob o Muscadelle. A uva por trás do nome segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Vin très-blanc et très-délicat, servant généralement à donner ces qualités aux autres vins.", "en": "A very white, very delicate wine, generally used to give these qualities to the other wines." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "Douceblanche ou Blanc - Doux ( dans le Libournais et la Dordogne ) .", "en": "Douceblanche or Blanc-Doux (in the Libournais and the Dordogne)." } ] }, { "printed": "Blanquette", "variants": [ "blanquette", "Muscade (Loupiac)", "Colle-Musquette (Sainte-Croix-du-Mont)", "Clairette dorée (Midi)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "chasselas", "muscadelle", "colombard", "mauzac" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) praised the blanquette for clear, mellow white wines that kept a long time, while Franck (1845) found its wine soft and common. Cocks and Féret wrote in 1874 that it seems to be a variety of the Chasselas; in 1893 they describe a Blanquette with the local names Muscade at Loupiac and Colle-Musquette at Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, names that VIVC lists under the Muscadelle. VIVC also lists BLANQUETTE under Colombard and Mauzac. The candidates are a Chasselas, the Muscadelle, the Colombard, or the Mauzac, and the case is open; the ‘Grosse-Blanquette’ of the same books is the Enrageat, the Folle Blanche.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) elogiou o blanquette por vinhos brancos claros e macios, de longa guarda, enquanto Franck (1845) achou seu vinho mole e comum. O guia de Cocks e Féret escreveu em 1874 que ele parece ser uma variedade do Chasselas; em 1893 o guia descreve um Blanquette com os nomes locais Muscade, em Loupiac, e Colle-Musquette, em Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, nomes que o VIVC põe sob o Muscadelle. O VIVC também traz BLANQUETTE sob o Colombard e o Mauzac. Os candidatos são um Chasselas, o Muscadelle, o Colombard ou o Mauzac, e o caso segue em aberto; o ‘Grosse-Blanquette’ dos mesmos livros é o Enrageat, o Folle Blanche.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Ce cépage paraît être une variété du Chasselas; il produit en abondance un vin plat et commun.", "en": "This grape appears to be a variety of the Chasselas; it gives a flat, common wine in abundance." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Blanquette , Muscade ( à Loupiac ) . Colle - Musquette ( à Sainte - Croix - du - Mont ) .", "en": "Blanquette, Muscade (at Loupiac). Colle-Musquette (at Sainte-Croix-du-Mont)." } ] }, { "printed": "Bouchet", "variants": [ "Gros-Bouchet", "Petit Bouchet", "Bouchet-Sauvignon", "Bouchy" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "cabernet-sauvignon", "petit-bouschet" ], "en": "In the Saint-Émilion country the books use bouchet for the cabernets: Cocks and Féret (1868) give Bouchet-sauvignon for the Cabernet-Sauvignon there, their 1874 edition gives Gros-Bouchet for the gros cabernet, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) wrote that Saint-Émilion calls Bouchet both Vidures of the Graves. VIVC lists BOUCHET, GROS BOUCHET, and BOUCHY under Cabernet Franc, and BOUCHET, BOUCHET SAUVIGNON, and PETIT BOUCHET under Cabernet Sauvignon, so the bare name fits either cabernet. A spelling trap sits beside it: Bouschet is the family of the Bouschets’ red-fleshed crosses, and Féret (1908) records that Saint-Émilion also called the cabernets ‘bouschet’. With ‘gros’ the name leans to Cabernet Franc, with ‘petit’ or ‘sauvignon’ to Cabernet Sauvignon; alone, it stays open.", "pt": "Na região de Saint-Émilion os livros usam bouchet para os cabernets: o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) dá Bouchet-sauvignon para o Cabernet-Sauvignon local, a edição de 1874 dá Gros-Bouchet para o gros cabernet, e Petit-Lafitte (1868) escreveu que Saint-Émilion chama de Bouchet os dois Vidures das Graves. O VIVC traz BOUCHET, GROS BOUCHET e BOUCHY sob o Cabernet Franc, e BOUCHET, BOUCHET SAUVIGNON e PETIT BOUCHET sob o Cabernet Sauvignon, de modo que o nome sozinho serve aos dois. Há uma armadilha de grafia ao lado: Bouschet é a família dos cruzamentos de polpa tinta dos Bouschet, e Féret (1908) registra que Saint-Émilion também chamava os cabernets de ‘bouschet’. Com ‘gros’ o nome pende para o Cabernet Franc, com ‘petit’ ou ‘sauvignon’ para o Cabernet Sauvignon; sozinho, segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Dans le vignoble de Saint - Émillion , on nomme Bouchet les deux Vidures de nos Graves et par conséquent les deux Cabernets du Médoc que nous savons être les mêmes", "en": "In the Saint-Émilion vineyard, both Vidures of our Graves are called Bouchet, and so both Cabernets of the Médoc, which we know to be the same." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Gros-Bouchet (à Saint-Émilion et dans la majeure partie de l’arrondissement de Libourne).", "en": "Gros-Bouchet (at Saint-Émilion and in most of the arrondissement of Libourne)." } ] }, { "printed": "Bouton-Blanc", "variants": [ "Bouton blanc", "Verdot-Bouton-Blanc" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "saint-macaire", "bequignol-noir", "carmenere" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) wrote ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ for a grape that likes cool soil and gives a deeply colored wine; in 1893 they used Bouton-Blanc again as a name of the Fer in the canton of La Brède, and their 1922 edition has a ‘Verdot-Bouton-Blanc’ among the verdots. VIVC lists BOUTON BLANC under Saint-Macaire, Béquignol Noir, and Carmenère. The name refers to a pale shoot tip, not to the berry, and several black grapes carry it. Without a second name beside it, it stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) escreveu ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ para uma uva que gosta de solo fresco e dá vinho muito colorido; em 1893 o guia usou Bouton-Blanc de novo como nome do Fer no cantão de La Brède, e a edição de 1922 traz um ‘Verdot-Bouton-Blanc’ entre os verdots. O VIVC traz BOUTON BLANC sob o Saint-Macaire, o Béquignol Noir e o Carmenère. O nome se refere à ponta clara do broto, e não à baga, e várias uvas pretas o carregam. Sem um segundo nome ao lado, segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire.", "en": "Bouton-Blanc or Saint-Macaire." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Bouton - Blanc ( dans le canton de La Brède ) .", "en": "Bouton-Blanc (in the canton of La Brède)." } ] }, { "printed": "Breton", "variants": [ "plant breton" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "cabernet-sauvignon", "bequignol-noir" ], "en": "The Gironde writers took breton from the comte Odart: d’Armailhacq (1855) reports that the gros cabernet is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) repeat it among the names of the gros cabernet. In the same 1855 book, though, d’Armailhacq suspects that Odart calls the cabernet-sauvignon breton. VIVC lists BRETON under Cabernet Franc and also under Béquignol Noir. Most texts point to Cabernet Franc, the 1855 doubt keeps the name open, and the word is also the ordinary one for a person from Brittany.", "pt": "Os autores da Gironde tiraram breton do conde Odart: d’Armailhacq (1855) relata que o gros cabernet se chama breton na Vienne e no Indre-et-Loire, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874, 1922) repete o nome entre os do gros cabernet. No mesmo livro de 1855, porém, d’Armailhacq suspeita que Odart chame de breton o cabernet-sauvignon. O VIVC traz BRETON sob o Cabernet Franc e também sob o Béquignol Noir. A maioria dos textos aponta para o Cabernet Franc, a dúvida de 1855 mantém o nome em aberto, e a palavra também é a comum para quem nasce na Bretanha.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "on l'appelle breton dans la Vienne et l'Indre-et-Loire", "en": "it is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire" }, { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "Ne serait-ce pas que M. le comte Odart confond la carmenère avec le gros cabernet, et appelle breton te cabernet-sauvignon; cela parait probable", "en": "Could it be that the comte Odart confuses the carmenère with the gros cabernet, and calls the cabernet-sauvignon breton? That seems likely." } ] }, { "printed": "Cabernet", "variants": [ "cabernet (alone)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-sauvignon", "cabernet-franc" ], "en": "Cabernet alone is everywhere in the Gironde books, and it covered 2 vines. D’Armailhacq (1855) opens with ‘the cabernet or carmenet’, meaning the gros cabernet, and treats the cabernet-sauvignon in a chapter of its own, while Petit-Lafitte (1868) speaks of both Cabernets of the Médoc. With no qualifier the word can mean Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, or both together, and the hub keeps it as written, with no modern name added.", "pt": "Cabernet sozinho está em toda parte nos livros da Gironde, e cobria 2 uvas. D’Armailhacq (1855) começa por ‘o cabernet ou carmenet’, isto é, o gros cabernet, e trata do cabernet-sauvignon num capítulo próprio, enquanto Petit-Lafitte (1868) fala dos dois Cabernets do Médoc. Sem qualificativo, a palavra pode significar Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc ou os dois juntos, e o hub a mantém como escrita, sem acrescentar nome moderno.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "Le cabernet ou carmenet est appelé dans les environs de Bordeaux yrosse-vidure ; par M. de Secondât, grosse vigne dure des Graves", "en": "The cabernet or carmenet is called grosse-vidure around Bordeaux, and by M. de Secondat grosse vigne dure des Graves." } ] }, { "printed": "Cahors", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "malbec", "jurancon-noir" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) give Cahors, with Mauzat and Gros-Noir, as names of the Malbec in the Bazadais, the canton of Podensac, and around Bordeaux; in 1893 they give Cahors in the Blayais as a name of the Jurançon noir, and Viala and Vermorel (1902), after Daurel, repeat Cahors (Blayais) for that grape. VIVC lists CAHORS under both Cot and Jurançon Noir. In a list of the vines of the Bassin d’Arcachon (Cocks and Féret, 1893) the cahors appears with no clue to which is meant. The name means the Malbec in one part of the Gironde and the Jurançon Noir in another, so it stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) dá Cahors, junto com Mauzat e Gros-Noir, como nomes do Malbec no Bazadais, no cantão de Podensac e nos arredores de Bordeaux; em 1893 o guia dá Cahors, no Blayais, como nome do Jurançon noir, e Viala e Vermorel (1902), segundo Daurel, repetem Cahors (Blayais) para essa uva. O VIVC traz CAHORS sob o Cot e sob o Jurançon Noir. Numa lista das uvas do Bassin d’Arcachon (Cocks e Féret, 1893) o cahors aparece sem indicação de qual se trata. O nome designa o Malbec numa parte da Gironde e o Jurançon Noir em outra, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Mauzat, Gros-Noir, Cahors (dans l’arrondissement de Bazas, dans le canton de Podensac et aux environs de Bordeaux).", "en": "Mauzat, Gros-Noir, Cahors (in the arrondissement of Bazas, in the canton of Podensac and around Bordeaux)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Cahors ( dans le Blayais ) .", "en": "Cahors (in the Blayais)." } ] }, { "printed": "Carbouet", "variants": [ "Carbenet (Franck 1845)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-sauvignon", "cabernet-franc", "carmenere" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret moved this name between 3 grapes: in 1868 Carbouet is the Graves name of the Carmenère, and in 1874 it is a name of the Cabernet-Sauvignon in the Bazadais and the cantons of La Brède and Podensac, and also of the gros cabernet in La Brède and the Bazadais, with the warning that it is given to other varieties of the cabernet too. Franck (1845) gives the similar Carbenet to the Carmenère in the Graves. VIVC lists CARBOUET under Cabernet Franc. The name belongs to the cabernet family, and the texts disagree on which member.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret moveu este nome entre 3 uvas: em 1868 Carbouet é o nome do Carmenère nas Graves, e em 1874 é nome do Cabernet-Sauvignon no Bazadais e nos cantões de La Brède e Podensac, e também do gros cabernet em La Brède e no Bazadais, com o aviso de que se dá a outras variedades do cabernet. Franck (1845) dá o parecido Carbenet ao Carmenère nas Graves. O VIVC traz CARBOUET sob o Cabernet Franc. O nome pertence à família dos cabernets, e os textos não concordam sobre qual membro.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Garbouet (dans le Bazadais et les cantons de la Brède et de Podensac). Ce nom est aussi donné à d’autres variétés du cabernet.", "en": "Carbouet (in the Bazadais and the cantons of La Brède and Podensac). This name is also given to other varieties of the cabernet." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "3º La Cabernelle ou Carmenère ( en Médoc ) ; Carbouet ( en graves ) .", "en": "Third: the Cabernelle or Carmenère (in the Médoc); Carbouet (in the graves)." } ] }, { "printed": "Carmenère", "variants": [ "Cabernelle", "Carmenelle", "Grande-Vidure (1922)" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "carmenere", "cabernet-franc" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) and Franck (1824) list the carmenère among the leading red grapes of the Gironde, and d’Armailhacq (1855), in a chapter headed ‘De la Cabernelle ou Carmenère’, separates it from both cabernets by its slightly oval berries, red pedicels, and frequent 3 seeds; Cocks and Féret follow him from 1868 to 1922. VIVC holds Carmenère as its own grape (prime name CARMENERE, with CABERNELLE and CARMENELLE), but also lists CARMENERE among the synonyms of Cabernet Franc, and Franck (1845) gave it the confusing names grosse Vidure and ‘grand Carmenet ou Sauvignon’. The Gironde descriptions point to today’s Carmenère; the catalog’s second entry keeps the status at likely.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) e Franck (1824) põem o carmenère entre as principais uvas tintas da Gironde, e d’Armailhacq (1855), num capítulo intitulado ‘De la Cabernelle ou Carmenère’, o separa dos dois cabernets pelas bagas ligeiramente ovais, pelos pedicelos vermelhos e pelas 3 sementes frequentes; o guia de Cocks e Féret o segue de 1868 a 1922. O VIVC trata o Carmenère como uva própria (nome principal CARMENERE, com CABERNELLE e CARMENELLE), mas também põe CARMENERE entre os sinônimos do Cabernet Franc, e Franck (1845) lhe deu os nomes confusos de grosse Vidure e ‘grand Carmenet ou Sauvignon’. As descrições da Gironde apontam para o Carmenère de hoje; a segunda entrada do catálogo mantém o status em provável.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "on ne peut confondre la carmenère avec les cabernets ; elle offre deux caractères qui ne permettent aucune méprise : c'est d'abord la forme des baies, qui sont un peu ovales, au lieu d'être rondes", "en": "one cannot confuse the carmenère with the cabernets; it shows 2 marks that allow no mistake: first, the shape of the berries, which are slightly oval instead of round" } ] }, { "printed": "Carmenet", "variants": [ "Carmenet-Blanc", "grand Carmenet (Franck 1845)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "cabernet-sauvignon", "carmenere" ], "en": "For Franck (1824), ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’ was one of the best red grapes of the Gironde; d’Armailhacq (1855) uses carmenet as another name of the gros cabernet, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) list Carmenet among the Médoc names of the Gros-Cabernet or Cabernet-Franc. VIVC lists CARMENET under both Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, and Franck (1845) calls the Carmenère the grand Carmenet. Modern ampelographers also use Carmenet for the whole group of Bordeaux cabernets (Bisson’s eco-geographic group, as cited in a lecture by José Vouillamoz). In the 19th-century Médoc books it is mostly a name of the gros cabernet, but the other uses keep it open.", "pt": "Para Franck (1824), ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’ era uma das melhores uvas tintas da Gironde; d’Armailhacq (1855) usa carmenet como outro nome do gros cabernet, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874, 1922) põe Carmenet entre os nomes, no Médoc, do Gros-Cabernet ou Cabernet-Franc. O VIVC traz CARMENET sob o Cabernet Franc e sob o Cabernet Sauvignon, e Franck (1845) chama o Carmenère de grand Carmenet. Ampelógrafos modernos também usam Carmenet para o grupo inteiro dos cabernets de Bordeaux (o grupo ecogeográfico de Bisson, citado numa palestra de José Vouillamoz). Nos livros do Médoc do século 19 é sobretudo um nome do gros cabernet, mas os outros usos o mantêm em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure. Feuille glabre, peu dentelée; le grain moyen, rond, un peu séparé; la couleur brillante et noire; le goût agréable.", "en": "The Carmenet or the petite Vidure. Smooth leaf, lightly toothed; berry medium, round, a little apart; color bright and black; taste pleasant." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "2o Gros-Gabernet ou Carmenet (en Médoc).", "en": "Second: Gros-Cabernet or Carmenet (in the Médoc)." } ] }, { "printed": "Castets", "variants": [ "Nicouleau" ], "status": "settled", "pointsTo": [ "castets" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1886, 1893) tell the grape’s own story: made known by Dr Guilbert and formerly called Nicouleau in the canton of Saint-Macaire, it had been grown on a large scale for about 20 years by M. Castets, a road surveyor, who gave it his name. VIVC holds CASTETS as a distinct grape with NICOULEAU among its synonyms. In a vine context the identity is settled; the same word is also a family name and the name of the communes of Castets and Castets-en-Dorthe.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1886, 1893) conta a história da própria uva: divulgada pelo Dr. Guilbert e antes chamada Nicouleau no cantão de Saint-Macaire, vinha sendo cultivada em larga escala havia cerca de 20 anos por M. Castets, agente de estradas, que lhe deu seu nome. O VIVC trata CASTETS como uva distinta, com NICOULEAU entre os sinônimos. Em contexto de vinha a identidade está resolvida; a mesma palavra é também sobrenome e nome das comunas de Castets e Castets-en-Dorthe.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "est cultivé en grand depuis vingt ans environ par M. Cas- tets , agent voyer , qui lui a donné son nom .", "en": "has been grown on a large scale for about 20 years by M. Castets, road surveyor, who gave it his name." } ] }, { "printed": "Chalosse blanche", "variants": [ "grosse Chalosse blanche", "Grosse-Chalosse blanche", "chalosse", "chalosse-dorée (1832)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "folle-blanche", "prueras" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) named la chalosse among the white grapes of Langon and the Graves; Franck (1845) and Cocks and Féret (1868) describe a common grosse Chalosse blanche with big, long bunches of oblong, loose berries, and from 1874 Cocks and Féret treat it as a variety of the Prueras or Prunelat, itself called Chalosse in parts of the Gironde. VIVC has no grape named Chalosse Blanche and lists CHALOSSE BLANCHE as a synonym of both Folle Blanche and Pruéras. Viala and Vermorel (1902) add a third reading, Chalosse de Bordeaux as a name of the Blanc Ramé. Chalosse is also a district of the Landes, and the identity stays open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) incluiu la chalosse entre as uvas brancas de Langon e das Graves; Franck (1845) e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) descrevem uma grosse Chalosse blanche comum, de cachos grandes e compridos e bagas oblongas e soltas, e a partir de 1874 o guia o trata como variedade do Prueras ou Prunelat, que em partes da Gironde também se chamava Chalosse. O VIVC não tem uva chamada Chalosse Blanche e traz CHALOSSE BLANCHE como sinônimo do Folle Blanche e do Pruéras. Viala e Vermorel (1902) acrescentam uma terceira leitura, Chalosse de Bordeaux como nome do Blanc Ramé. Chalosse é também uma região das Landes, e a identidade segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.)", "year": 1845, "fr": "La grosse Chalosse blanche; grappes grosses et longues , fruits oblongs et détachés; vin mou et de peu de corps, mais de belle couleur.", "en": "The grosse Chalosse blanche: big, long bunches, oblong, loose fruit; a soft wine of little body, but of fine color." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "VARIÉTÉ : Grosse - Chalosse blanche à GRAPPES grosses et longues et à GRAINS oblongs et longs .", "en": "VARIETY: Grosse-Chalosse blanche, with big, long bunches and oblong, long berries." } ] }, { "printed": "Chalosse noire", "variants": [ "petite Chalosse noire", "Petite-Chalosse noire", "petite-chalosse-noire (1832)", "Chalosse-Noire (Bas-Médoc, 1893)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "chalosse-noire", "bequignol-noir", "jurancon-noir", "malbec" ], "en": "From Franck (1824) to Cocks and Féret (1922), the petite Chalosse noire is a productive black grape with huge bunches of large oblong berries, also kept for the winter table; d’Armailhacq (1855) says only small proprietors dared to plant it. VIVC holds Chalosse Noire as its own grape, an offspring of Gouais Blanc by DNA markers, but it also lists CHALOSSE NOIRE under Béquignol Noir, Fer, and Jurançon Noir, and CHALOSSE PETITE NOIRE under Cot. Cocks and Féret (1893) themselves give Chalosse-Noire as the Bas-Médoc name of the Fer. The descriptions fit a distinct grape, yet with 4 other claimants in the catalog the case stays open.", "pt": "De Franck (1824) ao guia de Cocks e Féret (1922), o petite Chalosse noire é uma uva preta produtiva, de cachos enormes e bagas grandes e oblongas, guardada também para a mesa de inverno; d’Armailhacq (1855) diz que só os pequenos proprietários ousavam plantá-lo. O VIVC trata o Chalosse Noire como uva própria, descendente do Gouais Blanc segundo marcadores de DNA, mas também traz CHALOSSE NOIRE sob o Béquignol Noir, o Fer e o Jurançon Noir, e CHALOSSE PETITE NOIRE sob o Cot. O próprio guia, em 1893, dá Chalosse-Noire como nome do Fer no Bas-Médoc. As descrições indicam uma uva distinta, mas com outros 4 candidatos no catálogo o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "La petite Chaiosse noire. Cette espèce mûrit trèsbien dans ce département. Ses grains oblongs, sont très-gros et composent des grappillons qui forment par leur réunion de très-grosses grappes.", "en": "The petite Chalosse noire. This kind ripens very well in this department. Its oblong berries are very large and make small clusters that together form very big bunches." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Chalosse - Noire ( dans le Bas - Médoc ) .", "en": "Chalosse-Noire (in the Bas-Médoc)." } ] }, { "printed": "Charge-fort", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "jurancon-noir" ], "en": "Raimond Boireau, in his 1892 Culture de la vigne, names the charge-fort among the abundant grapes of the department’s common wines, and no other Gironde book does. Its name, ‘bears heavily’, is its only description. Modern synonym lists give Charge-fort as a name of the Jurançon Noir, but no historical source and no VIVC passport confirms it, and it stays open.", "pt": "Raimond Boireau, em seu Culture de la vigne de 1892, cita o charge-fort entre as uvas abundantes dos vinhos comuns do departamento, e nenhum outro livro da Gironde o menciona. O nome, ‘carrega muito’, é a sua única descrição. Listas modernas de sinônimos dão Charge-fort como nome do Jurançon Noir, mas nenhuma fonte histórica e nenhum passaporte do VIVC o confirma, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Raimond Boireau", "title": "Culture de la vigne : traitement pratique des vins : vinification, distillation", "year": 1892, "fr": "Chalosse, jurancon, penouille, fer, maussein, charge- fort, pignon, mercier, amaroye.", "en": "Chalosse, jurançon, penouille, fer, maussein, charge-fort, pignon, mercier, amaroye." } ] }, { "printed": "Cioutat", "variants": [ "Coutat", "Cioutas", "Persillé", "Persillade" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "chasselas" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) named the cioutas, with the chasselas, as rare in the Gironde, and Franck (1824) described the Cioutat, called in the department the Persillé or, in patois, the Persillade, by its leaves cut into 5 parts like parsley. That leaf is the mark of the Chasselas Cioutat, the cut-leaf form of the white Chasselas. Yet Jullien and Franck both list it among the red grapes, and Jullien’s 1832 edition still places it among the reds of the lesser crus. The leaf points to the Chasselas and the color does not, so the identity stays open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) citou o cioutas, junto com o chasselas, como raro na Gironde, e Franck (1824) descreveu o Cioutat, chamado no departamento de Persillé ou, em dialeto, de Persillade, pelas folhas recortadas em 5 partes, como as da salsa. Essa folha é a marca do Chasselas Cioutat, a forma de folha recortada do Chasselas branco. Mas Jullien e Franck o põem entre as uvas tintas, e a edição de 1832 de Jullien ainda o coloca entre as tintas dos crus inferiores. A folha aponta para o Chasselas e a cor não, e a identidade segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "Le Cioutat , nommé dans ce département le Persillé ou en patois la Persillade. Il est remarquable par ses feuilles palmées et laciniées en cinq pièces", "en": "The Cioutat, called in this department the Persillé or, in patois, the Persillade. It is known by its palmate leaves, cut into 5 parts" }, { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "le doutas et le chasselas. Ces deux derniers sont rares dans le département.", "en": "the cioutas and the chasselas. These last 2 are rare in the department." } ] }, { "printed": "Colle", "variants": [ "la Colle" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "The abbé Bellet, traveling through Guyenne in 1736, named la Colle among the white grapes of Cadillac; his manuscript is known through Auguste Petit-Lafitte, who reported it in La vigne dans le Bordelais (1868) and said the name was unknown in his day. At nearby Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, Cocks and Féret (1893) give Colle-Musquette as a name of a Blanquette, and VIVC lists COLLE MUSQUETTE and CADILLAC among the names of the Muscadelle. No source links Bellet’s Colle to either, so it stays open.", "pt": "O abade Bellet, em viagem pela Guyenne em 1736, citou la Colle entre as uvas brancas de Cadillac; o manuscrito é conhecido por Auguste Petit-Lafitte, que o relatou em La vigne dans le Bordelais (1868) e disse que o nome já era desconhecido em sua época. Na vizinha Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, o guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) dá Colle-Musquette como nome de um Blanquette, e o VIVC traz COLLE MUSQUETTE e CADILLAC entre os nomes do Muscadelle. Nenhuma fonte liga o Colle de Bellet a uma ou outra, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Il cite aussi , parmi les blancs de Cadillac , la Colle . Ces noms sont au- jourd'hui inconnus .", "en": "He also cites, among the whites of Cadillac, the Colle. These names are unknown today." } ] }, { "printed": "Corinthe", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Only André Jullien, in the 1816 first edition of his Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, names le corinthe among the white grapes most cultivated in the Gironde. Corinthe is a name for small seedless grapes, and Jullien does not say which one he saw. No other Gironde source describes it, and its identity is unknown.", "pt": "Só André Jullien, na primeira edição (1816) da sua Topographie de tous les vignobles connus, cita le corinthe entre as uvas brancas mais cultivadas na Gironde. Corinthe é nome de uvas pequenas sem sementes, e Jullien não diz qual viu. Nenhuma outra fonte da Gironde o descreve, e a identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "le malvoisie y la blanquette , Vauba ,\\e corinthe 3 la folle blanche ou enrageai", "en": "the malvoisie, the blanquette, the auba, the corinthe, the folle blanche or enrageat" } ] }, { "printed": "Coyne", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Cocks and Féret list the Coyne in 1874 and again in 1893 among the grapes, more or less common, that were disappearing little by little from the Gironde vineyards. They give no description, and no other source names it. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret lista o Coyne em 1874 e de novo em 1893 entre as uvas, mais ou menos comuns, que iam desaparecendo pouco a pouco dos vinhedos da Gironde. Não há descrição, e nenhuma outra fonte o cita. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .", "en": "more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac." } ] }, { "printed": "Cruchinet", "variants": [ "Doux-Same", "chausset", "chauché", "cruchinet-rouge (1832)", "cruchinet-blanc (1832)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "malbec", "bequignol-noir", "chenin-blanc" ], "en": "Franck (1824, 1845) lists the cruchinet among the red grapes of common wines; d’Armailhacq (1855), writing ‘le chausset, ou cruchinet’, calls it a very good grape with small, oval, crunchy berries, and Victor Rendu (1857) reports it being propagated at Château Lafite for its bouquet. Petit-Lafitte (1868), relying on Secondat (1785), treats it as a variety of the Malbec, while Cocks and Féret (1893) give ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’ at Saint-Loubès among the names of the Fer, and VIVC lists CHAUSSET under Béquignol Noir. The color is unsettled too: Jullien (1816) places the cruchinet among the white grapes of the Graves, his 1832 edition has a red and a white cruchinet, and VIVC lists CRUCHINET under the white Chenin Blanc, so the case is open on every count.", "pt": "Franck (1824, 1845) põe o cruchinet entre as uvas tintas de vinhos comuns; d’Armailhacq (1855), que escreve ‘le chausset, ou cruchinet’, o chama de uva muito boa, de bagas pequenas, ovais e crocantes, e Victor Rendu (1857) relata que ele era propagado no Château Lafite pelo buquê. Petit-Lafitte (1868), apoiado em Secondat (1785), o trata como variedade do Malbec, enquanto o guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) dá ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’, em Saint-Loubès, entre os nomes do Fer, e o VIVC traz CHAUSSET sob o Béquignol Noir. A cor também é incerta: Jullien (1816) coloca o cruchinet entre as uvas brancas das Graves, a edição de 1832 tem um cruchinet tinto e um branco, e o VIVC traz CRUCHINET sob o Chenin Blanc, uva branca; o caso segue em aberto em todos os pontos.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "Le chausset, ou cruchinet, est un très-bon raisin; il est petit, a la graine ovale est charnue, croquante sous la dent.", "en": "The chausset, or cruchinet, is a very good grape; it is small, with an oval, fleshy berry that crunches under the tooth." }, { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (3e éd.)", "year": 1832, "fr": "la chalosse-dorée, le cru- chinet-blanc et le blanc-muscat.", "en": "the chalosse-dorée, the white cruchinet, and the blanc-muscat." } ] }, { "printed": "Durac", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Cocks and Féret list the Durac in 1874 and 1893 among the grapes disappearing little by little from the Gironde, with no description. The spelling is close to Duras, a red grape of the Tarn, but no source makes that link, and a close spelling is no evidence. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret lista o Durac em 1874 e 1893 entre as uvas que iam desaparecendo pouco a pouco da Gironde, sem descrição. A grafia lembra Duras, uva tinta do Tarn, mas nenhuma fonte faz essa ligação, e grafia parecida não é prova. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .", "en": "more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac." } ] }, { "printed": "Enrageat", "variants": [ "Enrageat blanc", "Enrageât", "Enrageade", "Pique-poux", "Piquepout", "Grosse-Blanquette" ], "status": "settled", "pointsTo": [ "folle-blanche" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) already wrote ‘la folle blanche ou enrageât’, and Cocks and Féret (1868) set the Gironde Enrageat beside the Folle-Blanche of Cognac and the Piquepout of the Gers and the Armagnac as one grape; Petit-Lafitte (1868) promised to show that the 3 names were the same. VIVC lists ENRAGEAT and ENRAGEAT BLANC under Folle Blanche only. For the white Enrageat the sources agree, and the name means Folle Blanche. The colored Enrageat noir and Enrageat rouge are other grapes (see Folle noire).", "pt": "Jullien (1816) já escrevia ‘la folle blanche ou enrageât’, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) põe o Enrageat da Gironde ao lado do Folle-Blanche de Cognac e do Piquepout do Gers e do Armagnac como uma só uva; Petit-Lafitte (1868) prometeu mostrar que os 3 nomes eram o mesmo. O VIVC traz ENRAGEAT e ENRAGEAT BLANC apenas sob o Folle Blanche. Para o Enrageat branco as fontes concordam, e o nome significa Folle Blanche. Os Enrageat noir e Enrageat rouge, coloridos, são outras uvas (ver Folle noire).", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "La folle blanche ou enrageât donne des vins verts, durs, assez spiritueux, mais prompts à s’altérer", "en": "The folle blanche or enrageat gives green, hard wines, fairly strong, but quick to spoil" }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "8 ° Enrageat ( dans la plus grande partie de la Gironde ) ; Folle - Blanche ( dans les environs de Cognac ) ; Piquepout ou Piquepouille", "en": "Eighth: Enrageat (in most of the Gironde); Folle-Blanche (around Cognac); Piquepout or Piquepouille" } ] }, { "printed": "Fer", "variants": [ "fer", "Fer Servandon (Tarn-et-Garonne)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "bequignol-noir", "fer", "cabernet-franc", "gros-verdot" ], "en": "The Fer of the Gironde books is a black grape grown at Macau, in the canton of Carbon-Blanc and, as Béquignol, on the right bank of the Garonne (Cocks and Féret, 1874); in 1893 the same authors attach to it Camerouge, Mauron, Negrotte, Chausset, and Chalosse-Noire, names that VIVC lists under Béquignol Noir. VIVC also holds FER as a distinct grape, the Fer Servadou of the Southwest, and lists FER again under Cabernet Franc and Gros Verdot. Cocks and Féret (1922) add ‘Fer Servandon’ as a Tarn-et-Garonne name of the Cabernet-Franc. The Gironde synonyms lean toward Béquignol Noir, but no source settles which grape it was.", "pt": "O Fer dos livros da Gironde é uma uva preta cultivada em Macau, no cantão de Carbon-Blanc e, como Béquignol, na margem direita do Garonne (guia de Cocks e Féret, 1874); em 1893 o guia lhe atribui Camerouge, Mauron, Negrotte, Chausset e Chalosse-Noire, nomes que o VIVC põe sob o Béquignol Noir. O VIVC também trata FER como uva distinta, o Fer Servadou do Sudoeste, e repete FER sob o Cabernet Franc e o Gros Verdot. A edição de 1922 do guia acrescenta ‘Fer Servandon’ como nome do Cabernet-Franc no Tarn-et-Garonne. Os sinônimos da Gironde pendem para o Béquignol Noir, mas nenhuma fonte resolve qual uva era.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Mauron ou Maouron ( à Pessac ) . Chalosse - Noire ( dans le Bas - Médoc ) . Negrotte ( dans le canton de Pauillac ) .", "en": "Mauron or Maouron (at Pessac). Chalosse-Noire (in the Bas-Médoc). Negrotte (in the canton of Pauillac)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "Fer Servandon ( dans le Tarn - et - Garonne ) .", "en": "Fer Servandon (in the Tarn-et-Garonne)." } ] }, { "printed": "Folle noire", "variants": [ "Folle-Noire", "Enrageat noir", "Enrageat rouge", "Dame-Noire", "Plant des Dames", "folle rouge", "Dégoûtant" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "jurancon-noir", "bequignol-noir" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) found a little folle noire in the peasant vineyards of Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes, and in 1893 described an ‘Enrageat noir, ou Folle-Noire’ as a grape apart from their Jurançon noir; Viala and Vermorel (1902) also keep a Folle noire apart from the Petit Noir, their Jurançon, and report from Dupré de Saint-Maur that it was once widespread in the Agenais and the Libournais. VIVC, on the other side, lists FOLLE NOIRE, DAME NOIRE, ENRAGEAT NOIR, and ENRAGEAT ROUGE under Jurançon Noir, while ENRAGEAT ROUGE also appears under Béquignol Noir and FOLLE ROUGE under Fer. The old books see 2 grapes where the catalog sees one, and the case stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) encontrou um pouco de folle noire nos vinhedos camponeses de Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes, e em 1893 descreveu um ‘Enrageat noir, ou Folle-Noire’ como uva separada do seu Jurançon noir; Viala e Vermorel (1902) também mantêm um Folle noire separado do Petit Noir, o seu Jurançon, e relatam, segundo Dupré de Saint-Maur, que ele já foi muito difundido no Agenais e no Libournais. O VIVC, do outro lado, traz FOLLE NOIRE, DAME NOIRE, ENRAGEAT NOIR e ENRAGEAT ROUGE sob o Jurançon Noir, enquanto ENRAGEAT ROUGE aparece também sob o Béquignol Noir e FOLLE ROUGE sob o Fer. Os livros antigos veem 2 uvas onde o catálogo vê uma, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Dans les crûs paysans le malbec forme près des 2/3 de l’encépagement et on trouve un peu de folle noire.", "en": "In the peasant crus the malbec makes up nearly 2/3 of the planting, and one finds a little folle noire." }, { "author": "Pierre Viala & Victor Vermorel (eds.)", "title": "Traité général de viticulture: Ampélographie, vol. 3", "year": 1902, "fr": "D'après les récits de Dupré de Saint-Maur, la Folle noire était très répandue dans l'Agenais et le Libournais.", "en": "According to the accounts of Dupré de Saint-Maur, the Folle noire was very widespread in the Agenais and the Libournais." } ] }, { "printed": "Grande vidure", "variants": [ "Grande-Vidure", "grande vigne dure (Secondat)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "carmenere", "cabernet-franc" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret’s 1922 edition gives Grande-Vidure as a name of the Carmenère, explaining that vidure means ‘vigne dure’, hard vine, and VIVC lists GRANDE VIDURE under Carmenère; that is the modern use. But d’Armailhacq (1855) reports that Secondat gave the name grande vigne dure to the gros cabernet, and that this is exactly what it was called around Bordeaux, and he corrected Odart for giving it to the carmenère. Jullien (1816) wrote of ‘la grande et la petite vidure’ without saying which grapes he meant. The name leans to Carmenère in modern use and to Cabernet Franc in the 1855 Médoc, so it stays open.", "pt": "A edição de 1922 do guia de Cocks e Féret dá Grande-Vidure como nome do Carmenère, explicando que vidure quer dizer ‘vigne dure’, vinha dura, e o VIVC traz GRANDE VIDURE sob o Carmenère; é o uso moderno. Mas d’Armailhacq (1855) relata que Secondat dava o nome de grande vigne dure ao gros cabernet, e que era exatamente assim que o chamavam nos arredores de Bordeaux, e corrigiu Odart por atribuí-lo ao carmenère. Jullien (1816) escreveu ‘la grande et la petite vidure’ sem dizer de quais uvas falava. O nome pende para o Carmenère no uso moderno e para o Cabernet Franc no Médoc de 1855, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "3ª Carmenère , Carmenelle , Cabernelle ou Grande - Vidure ( vidure veut dire vigne dure , vitis dura ) .", "en": "Third: Carmenère, Carmenelle, Cabernelle, or Grande-Vidure (vidure means hard vine, vitis dura)." }, { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "M. de Secondât donne le nom de grande vigne dure au gros cabernet, dont nous avons parlé, et c'est ainsi qu'on l'appelle positivement aux environs de Bordeaux", "en": "M. de Secondat gives the name grande vigne dure to the gros cabernet we have described, and that is exactly what it is called around Bordeaux" } ] }, { "printed": "Grapput", "variants": [ "grapput", "Grappu", "graput", "Gros Grappu", "Graput (Sainte-Bazeille)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "bouchales", "jurancon-noir", "gros-verdot" ], "en": "From 1874 Cocks and Féret use Grapput for a very productive, very common black grape of the arrondissements of Bordeaux and Libourne, which they equate with the Bouchalès of La Réole and Bazas; in 1922 they write ‘le Grapput ou Bouchalès’. But their 1868 edition calls the verdot-colon graput in the palus, and Viala and Vermorel (1902), after Daurel, give Gros Grappu (Ambarès) and Grappu (Quimac) as names of the Petit Noir, the Jurançon. VIVC lists GRAPPU and GRAPPUT under Bouchalès, and GRAPPU and GROS GRAPPUT under Jurançon Noir. From 1874 on the Gironde usage favors the Bouchalès, but the earlier and parallel uses keep the name open.", "pt": "A partir de 1874 o guia de Cocks e Féret usa Grapput para uma uva preta muito produtiva e muito comum dos distritos de Bordeaux e Libourne, que identifica com o Bouchalès de La Réole e Bazas; em 1922 escreve ‘le Grapput ou Bouchalès’. Mas a edição de 1868 chama o verdot-colon de graput nas palus, e Viala e Vermorel (1902), segundo Daurel, dão Gros Grappu (Ambarès) e Grappu (Quimac) como nomes do Petit Noir, o Jurançon. O VIVC traz GRAPPU e GRAPPUT sob o Bouchalès, e GRAPPU e GROS GRAPPUT sob o Jurançon Noir. De 1874 em diante o uso na Gironde favorece o Bouchalès, mas os usos anteriores e paralelos mantêm o nome em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Grapput (dans l’arrondissement de Bordeaux et de Libourne). Bouchalés ou boucharés (dans une grande partie des arrondisements de La Réole et de Bazas). Cépage très-productif et très-commun.", "en": "Grapput (in the arrondissements of Bordeaux and Libourne). Bouchalès or boucharès (in a large part of the arrondissements of La Réole and Bazas). A very productive, very common grape." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "Le verdot - colon , appelé graput ( en palus ) , est un cépage peu différent des autres , très productif , mais très inférieur comme qualité .", "en": "The verdot-colon, called graput (in the palus), is a grape little different from the others, very productive, but much inferior in quality." } ] }, { "printed": "Gros cabernet", "variants": [ "Gros-Cabernet", "cabernet (gros)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "gros-cabernet" ], "en": "In the Médoc books the gros cabernet is the larger of the 2 cabernets: d’Armailhacq (1855) gives it the names grosse-vidure, Secondat’s grosse vigne dure des Graves, and Odart’s breton, véronais, and arrouya, and Cocks and Féret (1922) write ‘Gros-Cabernet ou Cabernet-Franc’; VIVC lists GROS CABERNET among the synonyms of Cabernet Franc. Today Gros Cabernet is also the name of a distinct grape (VIVC 22758), shown by DNA markers to be a parent of Castets and proposed as a parent of Carmenère (Boursiquot et al., 2009). No book before 1950 describes that second vine, so the old gros cabernet reads as Cabernet Franc in context, yet the shared name keeps it open.", "pt": "Nos livros do Médoc o gros cabernet é o maior dos 2 cabernets: d’Armailhacq (1855) lhe dá os nomes grosse-vidure, a grosse vigne dure des Graves de Secondat, e os breton, véronais e arrouya de Odart, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1922) escreve ‘Gros-Cabernet ou Cabernet-Franc’; o VIVC traz GROS CABERNET entre os sinônimos do Cabernet Franc. Hoje, porém, Gros Cabernet é também o nome de uma uva distinta (VIVC 22758), que marcadores de DNA mostram ser genitora do Castets e que um estudo propôs como genitora do Carmenère (Boursiquot et al., 2009). Nenhum livro anterior a 1950 descreve essa segunda uva, de modo que o antigo gros cabernet se lê como Cabernet Franc no contexto, mas o nome compartilhado o mantém em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "2 ° Gros - Cabernet ou Cabernet - Franc ( en Médoc ) .", "en": "Second: Gros-Cabernet or Cabernet-Franc (in the Médoc)." }, { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "selon le comte Odart , il est connu dans plusieurs autres départements sous différents noms ; on l'appelle breton dans la Vienne et l'Indre-et-Loire", "en": "according to the comte Odart, it is known in several other departments under different names; it is called breton in the Vienne and the Indre-et-Loire" } ] }, { "printed": "Gros noir", "variants": [ "Gros-Noir" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "malbec" ], "en": "D’Armailhacq (1855) gives gros noir and mausat, near Bordeaux, among the many local names of the malbec, and Cocks and Féret (1874) list Gros-Noir, with Mauzat and Cahors, as Malbec names in the Bazadais, the canton of Podensac, and around Bordeaux. VIVC lists GROS NOIR under Cot, but also under Teinturier and Camaraou Noir, and holds a separate grape named GROS NOIR (41169) that nothing ties to the Gironde. In the Gironde books the name belongs only to the Malbec, so it is likely the Malbec there.", "pt": "D’Armailhacq (1855) dá gros noir e mausat, perto de Bordeaux, entre os muitos nomes locais do malbec, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) lista Gros-Noir, com Mauzat e Cahors, como nomes do Malbec no Bazadais, no cantão de Podensac e nos arredores de Bordeaux. O VIVC traz GROS NOIR sob o Cot, mas também sob o Teinturier e o Camaraou Noir, e mantém uma uva separada chamada GROS NOIR (41169) que nada liga à Gironde. Nos livros da Gironde o nome pertence só ao Malbec, que é portanto a identidade provável ali.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "gourdoux , à Ludon ; gros noir et mausat, près de Bordeaux.", "en": "gourdoux, at Ludon; gros noir and mausat, near Bordeaux." } ] }, { "printed": "Grosse vidure", "variants": [ "grosse-vidure", "Grosse-Vidure", "grosse vigne dure des Graves" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "carmenere" ], "en": "D’Armailhacq (1855) says the cabernet or carmenet, his gros cabernet, is called grosse-vidure around Bordeaux, and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) give Grosse-Vidure as its Graves name. Franck (1824, 1845), on the other hand, writes ‘La Carmenère ou la grosse Vidure’. VIVC lists GROSSE VIDURE under both Cabernet Franc and Carmenère. The name is also easy to confuse with grande vidure, today’s name for Carmenère, and it stays open.", "pt": "D’Armailhacq (1855) diz que o cabernet ou carmenet, o seu gros cabernet, se chama grosse-vidure nos arredores de Bordeaux, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874, 1922) dá Grosse-Vidure como seu nome nas Graves. Franck (1824, 1845), por outro lado, escreve ‘La Carmenère ou la grosse Vidure’. O VIVC traz GROSSE VIDURE sob o Cabernet Franc e sob o Carmenère. O nome também se confunde facilmente com grande vidure, nome atual do Carmenère, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "La Carmenère ou la grosse Vidure. La grappe de cette espèce est grosse, longue et plus espacée que celle de la précédente", "en": "The Carmenère or the grosse Vidure. The bunch of this kind is big, long, and looser than that of the one before" }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Grosse-Vidure (dans les Graves)", "en": "Grosse-Vidure (in the Graves)" } ] }, { "printed": "Here ou tête noire", "variants": [ "here", "tête noire" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "gros-verdot", "fer", "bequignol-noir" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) names ‘la here ou tête noire’ among the main grapes of the Bourg vineyards, with the mancin, both vidures, and the malbek, and gives no description. Cocks and Féret (1893) give ‘Ayre ou Hère’ as the Capian name of the Panereuil, and VIVC lists HERE under Gros Verdot, Fer, and Béquignol Noir. No source ties Jullien’s grape to any of these, so it stays open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) cita ‘la here ou tête noire’ entre as principais uvas dos vinhedos de Bourg, com o mancin, os dois vidures e o malbek, sem descrição. O guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) dá ‘Ayre ou Hère’ como nome do Panereuil em Capian, e o VIVC traz HERE sob o Gros Verdot, o Fer e o Béquignol Noir. Nenhuma fonte liga a uva de Jullien a qualquer uma delas, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les vignobles de Bourg sont principalement peuplés par le mancin, les deux vidures 3 le malbek et la here ou tête noire.", "en": "The vineyards of Bourg are planted mainly with the mancin, both vidures, the malbek, and the here or tête noire." } ] }, { "printed": "Hourcat", "variants": [ "Balouzat ou Hourcat (graves)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "malbec", "bouchales", "bequignol-noir", "cabernet-franc" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret describe, from 1868 to 1893, a grape called ‘Balouzat ou Hourcat’ in the Graves and Prolongeau in the Blayais and Bourgeais, with round leaves, short reddish wood, and tight bunches; in 1893 they find it closer in look to the Grapput and the Petit-Fer than to the Béquignol, and in 1922 they write that they believe the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer. Their own Malbec synonym lists of 1874 and 1922 also include Hourcat, and VIVC lists HOURCAT under Cot. Petit-Fer, in turn, is a name of the Cabernet Franc at Libourne and, in VIVC, of the Béquignol Noir. The candidates are the Malbec, the Bouchalès, or a Petit-Fer, and the case is open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret descreve, de 1868 a 1893, uma uva chamada ‘Balouzat ou Hourcat’ nas Graves e Prolongeau no Blayais e no Bourgeais, de folhas redondas, madeira curta e avermelhada e cachos compactos; em 1893 o guia a acha mais parecida com o Grapput e o Petit-Fer do que com o Béquignol, e em 1922 escreve que acredita ser o Hourcat o Petit-Fer. As próprias listas de sinônimos do Malbec no guia, em 1874 e 1922, também incluem Hourcat, e o VIVC traz HOURCAT sob o Cot. Petit-Fer, por sua vez, é nome do Cabernet Franc em Libourne e, no VIVC, do Béquignol Noir. Os candidatos são o Malbec, o Bouchalès ou um Petit-Fer, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "mais le Hourcat présente comme aspect beaucoup plus d'analogie avec le Grapput et le Petit - Fer qu'avec le Béquignol .", "en": "but in appearance the Hourcat is much closer to the Grapput and the Petit-Fer than to the Béquignol." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "Le nom de Hourcat et de Balouzat est également donné au Prolon- geau . Nous croyons que le Hourcat est le Petit - Fer .", "en": "The names Hourcat and Balouzat are also given to the Prolongeau. We believe that the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer." } ] }, { "printed": "Malaga", "variants": [ "malaga noir", "malaga gris", "malaga (blanc)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "semillon" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) opens his list of the red grapes most cultivated in the Gironde with ‘le muscat noir et gris, le malaga noir et gris’, and names le malaga among the whites as well. No other Gironde source describes a malaga. For the white there is one lead: Cocks and Féret (1893) give Malaga, in the Lot, as a name of the Sémillon, and VIVC lists MALAGA among the synonyms of Sémillon. Nothing confirms that Jullien meant it, and the black and gray malagas have no lead at all.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) abre sua lista das uvas tintas mais cultivadas na Gironde com ‘le muscat noir et gris, le malaga noir et gris’, e cita le malaga também entre as brancas. Nenhuma outra fonte da Gironde descreve um malaga. Para o branco há uma pista: o guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) dá Malaga, no Lot, como nome do Sémillon, e o VIVC traz MALAGA entre os sinônimos do Sémillon. Nada confirma que Jullien falasse dele, e os malagas preto e cinza não têm pista alguma.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les plants le plus généralement cultivés, sont, en rouge : le muscat noir et gris, le malaga noir et gris", "en": "The plants most generally cultivated are, in red: the black and gray muscat, the black and gray malaga" } ] }, { "printed": "Malvoisie", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Jullien (1816) lists the malvoisie among the Gironde whites and at Pontac and praises its fine, very mellow, long-keeping wine; Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) record it in white plantings of the Entre-deux-Mers, and in 1893 they class it with the table grapes grown in the Gironde. In France malvoisie has been given to many unrelated grapes (VIVC lists it, for example, under Savagnin), and no Gironde source says which one grew there. It stays open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) põe o malvoisie entre as brancas da Gironde e em Pontac e elogia seu vinho fino, muito macio e de longa guarda; o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874, 1922) o registra em plantios brancos do Entre-deux-Mers e, em 1893, o inclui entre as uvas de mesa cultivadas na Gironde. Na França, malvoisie foi nome de muitas uvas sem parentesco entre si (o VIVC o traz, por exemplo, sob o Savagnin), e nenhuma fonte da Gironde diz qual crescia ali. Segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Le malvoisie donne des vins d’une couleur nette ; ils sont fins, très-moelleux, et se conservent long-temps.", "en": "The malvoisie gives wines of a clear color; they are fine, very mellow, and keep a long time." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "On cultive beaucoup comme raisins de table dans la Gironde le Chasselas , la Malvoisie", "en": "Much grown as table grapes in the Gironde are the Chasselas, the Malvoisie" } ] }, { "printed": "Mancin-colon", "variants": [ "Mancin - Colon", "colon" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "gros-verdot", "mancin" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret list the Mancin-colon in 1874, 1893, and 1922: a very productive, short-lived grape with large berries and long winged bunches, giving common wine and grown only in the palus. Boireau (1892) lists ‘Mancen, petit et gros mancen, colon’ together. VIVC lists COLON and VERDOT COLON under Gros Verdot, and no passport carries MANCIN COLON. The name joins the mancin and the colon; the candidates are a large form of the Mancin or the Gros Verdot, and it stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret lista o Mancin-colon em 1874, 1893 e 1922: uva muito produtiva e de vida curta, de bagas grandes e cachos longos e alados, que dá vinho comum e só se cultiva nas palus. Boireau (1892) lista juntos ‘Mancen, petit et gros mancen, colon’. O VIVC traz COLON e VERDOT COLON sob o Gros Verdot, e nenhum passaporte traz MANCIN COLON. O nome junta o mancin e o colon; os candidatos são uma forma grande do Mancin ou o Gros Verdot, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Très productif . VIN commun . Ce cépage ne vit pas longtemps . N'est cultivé que dans les palus .", "en": "Very productive. Common wine. This grape does not live long. It is grown only in the palus." }, { "author": "Raimond Boireau", "title": "Culture de la vigne : traitement pratique des vins : vinification, distillation", "year": 1892, "fr": "Mancen, petit et gros mancen, colon. (Maturité tres difficile.)", "en": "Mancen, small and large mancen, colon. (Ripening very difficult.)" } ] }, { "printed": "Marolle", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Only M. du Puits de Maconex, in his Guide du propriétaire de vigne (1850), names the Marolle, in his list of the black grapes of the Gironde: very vigorous, very productive after 8 to 10 years of planting, mid-season, pruned long. No other source and no VIVC passport identifies it, and elsewhere in the books Marolles is a family name. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "Só M. du Puits de Maconex, em seu Guide du propriétaire de vigne de 1850, cita o Marolle, na lista das uvas pretas da Gironde: muito vigoroso, muito produtivo depois de 8 a 10 anos de plantio, de maturação média, podado longo. Nenhuma outra fonte e nenhum passaporte do VIVC o identifica, e em outros livros Marolles é sobrenome. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "M. du Puits de Maconex", "title": "Guide du propriétaire de vigne", "year": 1850, "fr": "Très-productif, après S à 10 ans de plantation.", "en": "Very productive, after 8 to 10 years of planting." } ] }, { "printed": "Massoutet", "variants": [ "Massouquet", "Machouquet", "Maton", "Petit-Massoutet", "Gros-Massoutet", "massoulet (OCR, 1832)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "pinot-noir", "castets", "pardotte" ], "en": "For the 18th and early 19th centuries the massoutet looks like Pinot: Petit-Lafitte (1868) quotes Secondat (1785) that vines sent from Nuits and Beaune turned out to be massoutet, called Pineau there and Auvernat franc at Orléans, and reports the abbé Bellet’s ‘Maton ou Massoutet’ (1736); Franck (1824) ranks it among the best red grapes of the department, and VIVC lists MASSOUTET under Pinot Noir. Cocks and Féret (1893) then attach to it Machouquet, Grande-Parde, Petite-Parde or Pardotte, and a large-berried Gros-Massoutet, and VIVC lists MACHOUQUET under both Castets and Pardotte. The early massoutet points to Pinot Noir and the late 19th-century one to a cluster of local grapes, so the name stays open.", "pt": "Para o século 18 e o começo do 19 o massoutet tem cara de Pinot: Petit-Lafitte (1868) cita Secondat (1785), segundo quem as vinhas enviadas de Nuits e Beaune eram massoutet, ali chamado Pineau e, em Orléans, Auvernat franc, e relata o ‘Maton ou Massoutet’ do abade Bellet (1736); Franck (1824) o põe entre as melhores uvas tintas do departamento, e o VIVC traz MASSOUTET sob o Pinot Noir. O guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) lhe atribui depois Machouquet, Grande-Parde, Petite-Parde ou Pardotte e um Gros-Massoutet de bagas grandes, e o VIVC traz MACHOUQUET sob o Castets e sob o Pardotte. O massoutet antigo aponta para o Pinot Noir e o do fim do século 19 para um grupo de uvas locais, e o nome segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "C'est aussi l'espèce la plus estimée à Orléans , où elle est appelée Auvernat franc ; à Nuits et à Beaune , on l'appelle Pineau . »", "en": "It is also the most esteemed kind at Orléans, where it is called Auvernat franc; at Nuits and Beaune it is called Pineau." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Massoutet ou Machouquet . - Petit - Massoutet ou Massouquet ou Grande - Parde , dans le canton de La Brède ( Gironde ) .", "en": "Massoutet or Machouquet. Petit-Massoutet or Massouquet or Grande-Parde, in the canton of La Brède (Gironde)." } ] }, { "printed": "Mercier", "variants": [ "Le Mercier" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1868) name le Mercier among grapes found in the department in such small quantity that they would only name them, and Boireau (1892) lists the mercier among the abundant grapes of common Gironde wines. Neither describes it, and no source identifies it. Mercier is also a common surname and place name in the same books, so only these lists count. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) cita le Mercier entre as uvas encontradas no departamento em quantidade tão pequena que o guia só as nomeia, e Boireau (1892) inclui o mercier entre as uvas abundantes dos vinhos comuns da Gironde. Nenhum dos dois o descreve, e nenhuma fonte o identifica. Mercier é também sobrenome e nome de lugar comum nos mesmos livros, de modo que só essas listas contam. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "mais en si petite quantité que nous ne ferons que les nommer ; ce sont : Le Mercier , Le Prunaley , Le Saint - Macaire", "en": "but in such small quantity that we shall only name them: the Mercier, the Prunaley, the Saint-Macaire" } ] }, { "printed": "Mourtaou", "variants": [], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "mancin" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret name the Mourtaou in 1874 and 1893 only in their lists of grapes disappearing little by little from the Gironde, with no description. VIVC lists MOURTAOU and MOURTAU among the synonyms of Mancin, and no other VIVC passport carries it. The link rests on the catalog alone, so the status is likely.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret cita o Mourtaou em 1874 e 1893 apenas nas listas de uvas que iam desaparecendo pouco a pouco da Gironde, sem descrição. O VIVC traz MOURTAOU e MOURTAU entre os sinônimos do Mancin, e nenhum outro passaporte do VIVC o traz. A ligação depende só do catálogo, e o status é provável.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "plus ou moins communs , disparaissent Piquepout peu à peu de nos vignobles : Mourtaou Pruéras - Picard - Coyne Durac .", "en": "more or less common, are disappearing little by little from our vineyards: Piquepout, Mourtaou, Pruéras, Picard, Coyne, Durac." } ] }, { "printed": "Muscadet", "variants": [ "Muscadet-Doux", "Muscadet doux", "muscadet-doux ou rèsinote (1832)" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "muscadelle" ], "en": "In Gironde texts muscadet belongs to the Muscadelle: Petit-Lafitte (1868) gives Muscadet and Muscadet doux among the Gironde names of the Muscadelle, Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) give Muscadet-Doux with Musquette and Raisinotte, and VIVC lists MUSCADET under Muscadelle. The risk lies outside the department: the Muscadet of the Loire-Inférieure is the Melon, and VIVC also lists MUSCADET under Trebbiano Toscano. In a Bordeaux context the name is likely the Muscadelle.", "pt": "Nos textos da Gironde muscadet pertence ao Muscadelle: Petit-Lafitte (1868) dá Muscadet e Muscadet doux entre os nomes do Muscadelle na Gironde, o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868 a 1922) dá Muscadet-Doux com Musquette e Raisinotte, e o VIVC traz MUSCADET sob o Muscadelle. O risco está fora do departamento: o Muscadet do Loire-Inférieure é o Melon, e o VIVC também traz MUSCADET sob o Trebbiano Toscano. Em contexto de Bordeaux o nome é provavelmente o Muscadelle.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Les noms suivants sont encore donnés à la Muscadelle . Dans la Gironde Muscadet , Musquette , Muscade , Muscadet doux , Raisinote , Angelico .", "en": "The following names are also given to the Muscadelle. In the Gironde: Muscadet, Musquette, Muscade, Muscadet doux, Raisinote, Angelico." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "3º Musquette , Muscadet - Doux , Raisimotte , Angélicaut ( dans la Gironde ) ;", "en": "Third: Musquette, Muscadet-Doux, Raisinotte, Angélicaut (in the Gironde);" } ] }, { "printed": "Muscat noir et gris", "variants": [ "muscat noir", "muscat gris" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Jullien (1816) opens his list of the red grapes most generally cultivated in the Gironde with ‘le muscat noir et gris’. No other Gironde source describes a black or gray muscat grown for wine, and Jullien does not say which muscats he meant. They stay open.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) abre sua lista das uvas tintas mais cultivadas na Gironde com ‘le muscat noir et gris’. Nenhuma outra fonte da Gironde descreve um moscatel preto ou cinza cultivado para vinho, e Jullien não diz quais moscatéis eram. Seguem em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les plants le plus généralement cultivés, sont, en rouge : le muscat noir et gris", "en": "The plants most generally cultivated are, in red: the black and gray muscat" } ] }, { "printed": "Noir de Pressac", "variants": [ "Noir-de-Pressac", "Nègre-Préchac", "pressac" ], "status": "settled", "pointsTo": [ "malbec" ], "en": "Franck (1824) heads his description ‘Le Malbeck ou noir de Pressac’, and Cocks and Féret (1874) give Noir-de-Pressac or Nègre-Préchac as the Malbec’s name in the arrondissement of Libourne and part of the Entre-deux-Mers. Every source puts the name on the Malbec, and VIVC lists NOIR DE PRESSAC and PRESSAC under Cot. The identity is settled: Malbec (Cot in the rules). Pressac is also a place name, so the word alone needs a vine context.", "pt": "Franck (1824) abre sua descrição com ‘Le Malbeck ou noir de Pressac’, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) dá Noir-de-Pressac ou Nègre-Préchac como nome do Malbec no distrito de Libourne e em parte do Entre-deux-Mers. Todas as fontes põem o nome no Malbec, e o VIVC traz NOIR DE PRESSAC e PRESSAC sob o Cot. A identidade está resolvida: Malbec (Cot nas regras). Pressac é também nome de lugar, e a palavra sozinha precisa de contexto de vinha.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "Le M atbeclL ou noir de Pressac. Grappe longue; grains ovales, espacés, très-noirs; la grappe et le pédicule rougeâtres", "en": "The Malbeck or noir de Pressac. Long bunch; oval berries, well spaced, very black; bunch and stalk reddish" }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Noir-de-Pressac ou Nègre^Préchac (dans l’arrondissement de Libourne et dans une partie de l'Entre-deux-Mers).", "en": "Noir-de-Pressac or Nègre-Préchac (in the arrondissement of Libourne and in part of the Entre-deux-Mers)." } ] }, { "printed": "Oeil de perdrix", "variants": [ "perdrigon" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Only Jullien (1816) names l’oeil de perdrix, also as perdrigon, among the Gironde whites, and among the grapes of the Langon vineyards, with no description. No other source describes it, and its identity is unknown.", "pt": "Só Jullien (1816) cita l’oeil de perdrix, também como perdrigon, entre as brancas da Gironde e entre as uvas dos vinhedos de Langon, sem descrição. Nenhuma outra fonte o descreve, e a identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les mêmes cépages auxquels il faut ajouter ceux dits la chalosse et Y oeil de perdrix 3 occupent les vignobles de Langon.", "en": "The same grapes, to which must be added those called the chalosse and the oeil de perdrix, fill the vineyards of Langon." } ] }, { "printed": "Palgarie", "variants": [ "Pergarie" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "The abbé Bellet’s manuscript account of a journey through Guyenne in 1736 named a white ‘Palgarie ou Pergarie’ among the grapes of the Bordelais; Petit-Lafitte, who reported it in 1868, found the name unknown in his day. No other source uses it. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O relato manuscrito da viagem do abade Bellet pela Guyenne em 1736 cita uma branca ‘Palgarie ou Pergarie’ entre as uvas do Bordelais; Petit-Lafitte, que o relatou em 1868, achou o nome desconhecido em sua época. Nenhuma outra fonte o usa. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Excepté cependant le Palgarie ou Pergarie , parmi les blancs du Bordelais , le Salfit , parmi les rouges .", "en": "Except, however, the Palgarie or Pergarie among the whites of the Bordelais, and the Salfit among the reds." } ] }, { "printed": "Panereuil", "variants": [ "Queue-Rouge", "Bois-Droit", "Ayre (Capian)", "Hère (Capian)", "Petit-Fer (Périgord)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "gros-verdot", "fer", "bequignol-noir" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) list ‘Panereuil ou Queue Rouge ou Bois-Droit’ among disappearing grapes and record it at Gabarnac; in 1893 they describe large, often double bunches of oblong berries that do not rot, full resistance to mildew, and ripening just after the Cabernet-Sauvignon, and add the names Ayre or Hère at Capian and Petit-Fer in the Périgord. VIVC lists HERE under Gros Verdot, Fer, and Béquignol Noir, and PETIT FER under Cabernet Franc, Béquignol Noir, and Fer; no passport carries PANEREUIL. These are echoes of names only, and the grape stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) lista ‘Panereuil ou Queue Rouge ou Bois-Droit’ entre as uvas em desaparecimento e o registra em Gabarnac; em 1893 o guia descreve cachos grandes, muitas vezes duplos, de bagas oblongas que não apodrecem, resistência total ao míldio e maturação logo depois do Cabernet-Sauvignon, e acrescenta os nomes Ayre ou Hère, em Capian, e Petit-Fer, no Périgord. O VIVC traz HERE sob o Gros Verdot, o Fer e o Béquignol Noir, e PETIT FER sob o Cabernet Franc, o Béquignol Noir e o Fer; nenhum passaporte traz PANEREUIL. São só ecos de nomes, e a uva segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Panereuil . - Queue - Rouge ou Bois - Droit . Ayre ou Hère ( à Capian ) . Petit - Fer ( en Périgord ) .", "en": "Panereuil. Queue-Rouge or Bois-Droit. Ayre or Hère (at Capian). Petit-Fer (in the Périgord)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Vins rouges ordinaires produits par 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère et panereuil", "en": "Ordinary red wines made from 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère, and panereuil" } ] }, { "printed": "Panse musquée", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Petit-Lafitte (1868) cites the Panse Musquée among the muscat-flavored whites, because the comte Odart placed it among the Muscats, and reports that the abbé Bellet (1736) found it rare in his time. No Gironde source describes it, and it stays open.", "pt": "Petit-Lafitte (1868) cita o Panse Musquée entre as brancas de sabor moscatel, porque o conde Odart o colocava entre os Muscats, e relata que o abade Bellet (1736) o achava raro em seu tempo. Nenhuma fonte da Gironde o descreve, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "La Panse Musquée doit aussi être citée ici , puisque le comte Odart la place parmi les Muscats . L'abbé Bellet la disait rare de son temps .", "en": "The Panse Musquée must also be cited here, since the comte Odart places it among the Muscats. The abbé Bellet called it rare in his time." } ] }, { "printed": "Parde", "variants": [ "Petite-Parde", "Grande-Parde", "grosse parde", "Pardotte" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "pardotte", "pinot-noir", "malbec", "cabernet-sauvignon" ], "en": "The parde names wander across several grapes in Cocks and Féret: in 1868 and 1874 Parde is the Graves name of the Pignon, and 1874 adds Pardotte; in 1874 and 1922 Grande-Parde is also among the Malbec’s names; in 1893 Grande-Parde and Petite-Parde or Pardotte are names of the Massoutet, and Petite-Parde also names a grape that resembles the Machouquet and the Cabernet. VIVC holds PARDOTTE as a distinct grape whose synonyms include PARDE, PETITE PARDE, and PIGNON, and also lists PETITE PARDE under Cabernet Sauvignon. With Pignon beside it the name leans toward the Pardotte; alone, it stays open.", "pt": "Os nomes parde passeiam por várias uvas no guia de Cocks e Féret: em 1868 e 1874 Parde é o nome do Pignon nas Graves, e 1874 acrescenta Pardotte; em 1874 e 1922 Grande-Parde aparece também entre os nomes do Malbec; em 1893 Grande-Parde e Petite-Parde ou Pardotte são nomes do Massoutet, e Petite-Parde designa ainda uma uva que lembra o Machouquet e o Cabernet. O VIVC trata PARDOTTE como uva distinta, com PARDE, PETITE PARDE e PIGNON entre os sinônimos, e também traz PETITE PARDE sob o Cabernet Sauvignon. Com Pignon ao lado o nome pende para o Pardotte; sozinho, segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "10 ° Pignon ( en Médoc ) ; Parde ( en graves ) .", "en": "Tenth: Pignon (in the Médoc); Parde (in the graves)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Petite - Parde ou Pardotte . - On désigne aussi sous ce nom un cépage qui tient du Machouquet et du Cabernet sans être absolument semblable à ces cépages .", "en": "Petite-Parde or Pardotte. The name is also given to a grape that has something of the Machouquet and of the Cabernet without being quite like either." } ] }, { "printed": "Penouille", "variants": [ "Pelouille", "Pelaouille", "pétouille", "Pelouye", "fenouille", "Pigue (a variety)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "The Penouille is a large-berried, early, heavy-bearing black grape of the Médoc and Graves, described in nearly the same words from Franck (1824) to Cocks and Féret (1922): whitish leaves, very big pale berries, flat wine. Jullien (1816) wrote that the pétouille gives common wines without strength or color; d’Armailhacq (1855) found it at Margaux and noted that it ripened before the cabernets; Cocks and Féret (1874) tie Penouille (Médoc), Pelaouille (Graves) and its variety the Pigue together. No ampelography and no VIVC passport identifies it, and its modern identity is unknown.", "pt": "O Penouille é uma uva preta precoce, de bagas grandes e muito produtiva, do Médoc e das Graves, descrita quase com as mesmas palavras de Franck (1824) ao guia de Cocks e Féret (1922): folhas esbranquiçadas, bagas enormes e pálidas, vinho chato. Jullien (1816) escreveu que o pétouille dá vinhos comuns, sem força nem cor; d’Armailhacq (1855) o encontrou em Margaux e notou que amadurecia antes dos cabernets; o guia (1874) liga Penouille (Médoc), Pelaouille (Graves) e sua variedade, o Pigue. Nenhuma ampelografia e nenhum passaporte do VIVC o identifica, e a identidade moderna é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "La fenouiîh est un gros raisin qui mûrit avant les cabernets, charge beaucoup et serait avantageux si sa qualité était en rapport direct avec son abondance", "en": "The penouille is a big grape that ripens before the cabernets, bears heavily, and would pay well if its quality matched its abundance" }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Penouille (en Médoc). Pelaouille ( en graves). Pigue, variété de la Penouille ayant ses feuilles un peu plus découpées et ses grains un peu plus gros.", "en": "Penouille (in the Médoc). Pelaouille (in the graves). Pigue, a variety of the Penouille with slightly more deeply cut leaves and slightly bigger berries." } ] }, { "printed": "Petit-Fer", "variants": [ "Petit Fer", "Chausset ou Petit-Fer (Saint-Loubès)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-franc", "bequignol-noir", "fer" ], "en": "Petit-Fer moves more than most names in the Gironde books. Petit-Lafitte (1868) and Cocks and Féret (1874, 1922) give it as the name of the gros cabernet at Libourne and nearby communes; Cocks and Féret (1893) also give ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’ at Saint-Loubès among the names of the Fer, and Petit-Fer in the Périgord for the Panereuil; in 1922 they write that they believe the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer. VIVC lists PETIT FER under Cabernet Franc, Béquignol Noir, and Fer. Around Libourne the sources agree on the Cabernet Franc; elsewhere the name stays open.", "pt": "Petit-Fer é um dos nomes que mais se deslocam nos livros da Gironde. Petit-Lafitte (1868) e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1874, 1922) o dão como nome do gros cabernet em Libourne e comunas vizinhas; o guia (1893) também dá ‘Chausset ou Petit-Fer’, em Saint-Loubès, entre os nomes do Fer, e Petit-Fer, no Périgord, para o Panereuil; em 1922 escreve que acredita ser o Hourcat o Petit-Fer. O VIVC traz PETIT FER sob o Cabernet Franc, o Béquignol Noir e o Fer. Em torno de Libourne as fontes concordam no Cabernet Franc; fora dali, o nome segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Petit-Fer (à Libourne et dans quelques communes voisines).", "en": "Petit-Fer (at Libourne and in a few neighboring communes)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "Nous croyons que le Hourcat est le Petit - Fer .", "en": "We believe that the Hourcat is the Petit-Fer." } ] }, { "printed": "Pignon", "variants": [ "Gros Pignon", "Petit Pignon", "Boutignon", "Tripet", "Courbin", "Courbinotte", "Sauvignon-Noir", "pignou" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "pardotte" ], "en": "D’Armailhacq (1855) and Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) describe the Pignon as a heavy-bearing, late, green-ripening black grape kept out of good vineyards, with a cloud of local names: Boutignon around Blaye, Parde and Pardotte in the Graves and the canton of Saint-Macaire, Tripet in the Bazadais, Courbin in the Entre-deux-Mers. Pierre Viala (1893) writes ‘Pignon ou Pardotte’, and Cocks and Féret (1893) report that Pulliat knew it as Sauvignon-Noir. VIVC holds PARDOTTE as a distinct grape and lists PIGNON, PARDE, TRIPET, COURBIN, and SAUVIGNON NOIR among its synonyms. The evidence points to the Pardotte, though Viala lists ‘Tripet ou Courbinotte’ as a separate grape, so the status is likely.", "pt": "D’Armailhacq (1855) e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868 a 1922) descrevem o Pignon como uva preta muito produtiva, tardia, que amadurece verde e fica fora dos bons vinhedos, com uma nuvem de nomes locais: Boutignon perto de Blaye, Parde e Pardotte nas Graves e no cantão de Saint-Macaire, Tripet no Bazadais, Courbin no Entre-deux-Mers. Pierre Viala (1893) escreve ‘Pignon ou Pardotte’, e o guia (1893) relata que Pulliat o conhecia como Sauvignon-Noir. O VIVC trata PARDOTTE como uva distinta e traz PIGNON, PARDE, TRIPET, COURBIN e SAUVIGNON NOIR entre os sinônimos. As provas apontam para o Pardotte, mas Viala lista ‘Tripet ou Courbinotte’ como uva separada, e o status é provável.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "Le pignon est un gros cépage comme la chalosse , avec lequel il a du rapport ; quoique les baies soient un peu moins grosses, il charge encore plus", "en": "The pignon is a big grape like the chalosse, which it resembles; though its berries are a little smaller, it bears even more" }, { "author": "Pierre Viala", "title": "Les maladies de la vigne", "year": 1893, "fr": "Cépages trés peu attaqués : Castets ou Nicouleau, Pignon ou Pardotte, Fer, Grapput, Tripet ou Courbinotte", "en": "Grapes very little attacked: Castets or Nicouleau, Pignon or Pardotte, Fer, Grapput, Tripet or Courbinotte" } ] }, { "printed": "Piquepout", "variants": [ "piquepout (red)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "jurancon-noir" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874) list a red Piquepout among grapes disappearing from the Gironde and record a third of piquepout in the red wines of Gabarnac; their 1893 edition repeats it in the red list. In the same books Piquepout is also the Gers and Armagnac name of the white Enrageat, the Folle Blanche. Modern synonym lists give Piquepout rouge as a name of the Jurançon Noir, but no source says which red grape the Gironde piquepout was, and it stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874) lista um Piquepout tinto entre as uvas em desaparecimento na Gironde e registra um terço de piquepout nos vinhos tintos de Gabarnac; a edição de 1893 o repete na lista das tintas. Nos mesmos livros Piquepout é também o nome, no Gers e no Armagnac, do Enrageat branco, o Folle Blanche. Listas modernas de sinônimos dão Piquepout rouge como nome do Jurançon Noir, mas nenhuma fonte diz qual uva tinta era o piquepout da Gironde, e segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Vins rouges ordinaires produits par 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère et panereuil", "en": "Ordinary red wines made from 1/3 malbec, 1/3 grapput, 1/3 piquepout, moustouzère, and panereuil" } ] }, { "printed": "Prolongeau", "variants": [ "Prolon- geau" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "bouchales", "malbec" ], "en": "Franck (1824) found the prolongeau in the poor soil of the Bourgeais. Cocks and Féret then attach it to 3 different grapes: in 1868 and 1874 it is the Blayais and Bourgeais name of the Balouzat or Hourcat; in 1893 it is the Blayais name of the Bouchalès; in 1922 it is among the Malbec’s names, with the remark that Hourcat and Balouzat are also given to the Prolongeau. VIVC lists PROLONGEAU under Bouchalès and also under Cot. The name stays open between the Bouchalès, the Malbec, and the lost Hourcat.", "pt": "Franck (1824) encontrou o prolongeau nos solos pobres do Bourgeais. O guia de Cocks e Féret o liga depois a 3 uvas diferentes: em 1868 e 1874 é o nome, no Blayais e no Bourgeais, do Balouzat ou Hourcat; em 1893 é o nome do Bouchalès no Blayais; em 1922 aparece entre os nomes do Malbec, com a observação de que Hourcat e Balouzat também são dados ao Prolongeau. O VIVC traz PROLONGEAU sob o Bouchalès e também sob o Cot. O nome segue em aberto entre o Bouchalès, o Malbec e o Hourcat perdido.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (1re éd.)", "year": 1824, "fr": "le Prolongeait, dans le terrain maigre, et le r erdot dans les palus.", "en": "the prolongeau in the poor soil, and the verdot in the palus." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Prolongeau ( dans le Blayais ) , Cujas , Gros - Marty , etc.", "en": "Prolongeau (in the Blayais), Cujas, Gros-Marty, etc." } ] }, { "printed": "Prunelas", "variants": [ "Pruneley", "Prunaley", "Le Prunaley", "Gros-de-Lacaze (Ambarès)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "bequignol-noir", "mancin" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1868) name le Prunaley among grapes found in very small quantity; in 1893 they describe a ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’ near Bordeaux and at Ambarès, give it the outside names Marocain, Cinsaut, Oeillade, and Plant d’Arles, and add that it ripens too late for the Bordeaux climate, which reads as the Cinsaut of the Midi. But the same 1893 book gives ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’ in the cantons of Cadillac and Créon as names of the Fer, their 1874 edition gives Prunelas as a Lot-et-Garonne name of the Mancin, and VIVC lists PRUNALET under Béquignol Noir. The hub has no Cinsaut page, and the name stays open; it is a different grape from the white Prunelat.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) cita le Prunaley entre as uvas encontradas em quantidade muito pequena; em 1893 descreve um ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’ perto de Bordeaux e em Ambarès, lhe dá os nomes de fora Marocain, Cinsaut, Oeillade e Plant d’Arles e acrescenta que amadurece tarde demais para o clima de Bordeaux, o que corresponde ao Cinsaut do Midi. Mas o mesmo livro de 1893 dá ‘Prunelas ou Pruneley’, nos cantões de Cadillac e Créon, como nomes do Fer, a edição de 1874 dá Prunelas como nome do Mancin no Lot-et-Garonne, e o VIVC traz PRUNALET sob o Béquignol Noir. O hub não tem página de Cinsaut, e o nome segue em aberto; é uma uva diferente do Prunelat branco.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Prunelas ou Pruneley . Prunaley ( aux environs de Bordeaux , canton du Carbon - Blanc ) . Gros - de - Lacaze ( à Ambarès ) .", "en": "Prunelas or Pruneley. Prunaley (around Bordeaux, canton of Carbon-Blanc). Gros-de-Lacaze (at Ambarès)." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Marocain ( dans les Charentes ) . Cinsaut ( dans l'Hérault ) .", "en": "Marocain (in the Charentes). Cinsaut (in the Hérault)." } ] }, { "printed": "Prunelat", "variants": [ "Prueras ou Prunelat", "Pruèras ou Prunelat" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "prueras" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1868) write ‘Le Prueras ou Prunelat’ for a very productive white with thick, dull-green leaves and big, tasty berries, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) finds the Prunelat among Secondat’s white grapes with oval berries. VIVC lists PRUNELAT among the synonyms of Pruéras, a white grape of the Gironde. The caution concerns the Pruéras itself: Cocks and Féret (1893) also give it the Saintonge names Annereau or Blanc-Ramet, which point toward the Blanc Ramé that Viala and Vermorel (1902) found scattered in the Gironde. Prunelat is neither the Prunelard, the black parent of the Malbec, nor the black Prunelas.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) escreve ‘Le Prueras ou Prunelat’ para uma branca muito produtiva, de folhas grossas e verde-foscas e bagas grandes e saborosas, e Petit-Lafitte (1868) encontra o Prunelat entre as uvas brancas de bagas ovais de Secondat. O VIVC traz PRUNELAT entre os sinônimos do Pruéras, uva branca da Gironde. O cuidado diz respeito ao próprio Pruéras: o guia (1893) também lhe dá os nomes de Saintonge Annereau ou Blanc-Ramet, que apontam para o Blanc Ramé que Viala e Vermorel (1902) encontraram disperso na Gironde. O Prunelat não é o Prunelard, uva preta genitora do Malbec, nem o Prunelas, também preto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "7º Le Prueras ou Prunelat est un cépage très productif ; sa feuille est épaisse et d'un vert mat , son bois est gris", "en": "Seventh: the Prueras or Prunelat is a very productive grape; its leaf is thick and a dull green, its wood is gray" }, { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Nous trouvons encore ce cépage , sous le nom de Prunelat , dans la quatrième liste donnée par M. de Secondat et parmi les raisins blancs à grains ovales .", "en": "We find this grape again, under the name Prunelat, in the 4th list given by M. de Secondat, among the white grapes with oval berries." } ] }, { "printed": "Rochalin", "variants": [ "Rochalin ou Blayais", "Blayais" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "sauvignon-blanc" ], "en": "Franck (1845) describes the Rochalin as close to the Sauvignon but with bigger leaves, a less delicate taste, and late ripening; Cocks and Féret (1868 to 1922) write ‘Rochalin ou Blayais’, and Petit-Lafitte (1868), citing Secondat, treats it as a variety of the Sauvignon. But Franck also describes a separate Blayais that differs little from the Blanquette, and Blayais is also the name of the district. No VIVC passport carries ROCHALIN. The Sauvignon link rests on likeness only, and the identity stays open.", "pt": "Franck (1845) descreve o Rochalin como parecido com o Sauvignon, mas de folhas maiores, gosto menos delicado e maturação tardia; o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868 a 1922) escreve ‘Rochalin ou Blayais’, e Petit-Lafitte (1868), citando Secondat, o trata como variedade do Sauvignon. Mas Franck também descreve um Blayais separado, pouco diferente do Blanquette, e Blayais é também o nome da região. Nenhum passaporte do VIVC traz ROCHALIN. A ligação com o Sauvignon se apoia só na semelhança, e a identidade segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.)", "year": 1845, "fr": "Le Rochalin a quelque rapport avec le Sauvignon, mais les feuilles en sont plus grandes et le goût moins délicat; mûrissant tard, il craint les gelées.", "en": "The Rochalin has something of the Sauvignon, but its leaves are bigger and its taste less delicate; ripening late, it fears frost." }, { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "G. Le Rochalin . Ce cépage , mentionné par M. de Secondat , peut être considéré comme une variété du Sauvignon", "en": "G. The Rochalin. This grape, mentioned by M. de Secondat, can be considered a variety of the Sauvignon" } ] }, { "printed": "Rousselet", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Only Jullien (1816) names le rousselet, among the grapes of the white wine of Pontac. In a 19th-century synonym index (Portes, 1886), Rousselet is a name of both the Grec rouge and the Savagnin, and nothing ties Jullien’s grape to either. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "Só Jullien (1816) cita le rousselet, entre as uvas do vinho branco de Pontac. Num índice de sinônimos do século 19 (Portes, 1886), Rousselet é nome do Grec rouge e do Savagnin, e nada liga a uva de Jullien a um ou outro. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "ceux de Pontac sont le produit de la blanquette 3 du sauvignon 3 du semilion 3 du rousselet, de la malvoisie et de quelques plants de folle blanche.", "en": "those of Pontac are made from the blanquette, the sauvignon, the sémillon, the rousselet, the malvoisie, and a few vines of folle blanche." } ] }, { "printed": "Saint-Macaire", "variants": [ "Le Saint - Macaire", "Bouton-Blanc", "Moustouzère", "Moustouzères" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "saint-macaire", "merlot" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret name the Saint-Macaire from 1868 among minor red grapes, write ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ in 1874, and in 1893 ‘Saint-Macaire ou Bouton-Blanc ou Moustouzère’, a grape for cool soil giving abundant, very dark, soft, and very ordinary wine. VIVC holds SAINT MACAIRE as a distinct grape with BOUTON BLANC and MOUSTOUZERE among its synonyms, which matches the Gironde books. The one dissent is in the catalog itself, which also lists SAINT MACAIRE as a synonym of Merlot. The town and canton of Saint-Macaire fill the same books, so only a vine context counts.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret cita o Saint-Macaire a partir de 1868 entre as uvas tintas menores, escreve ‘Bouton-Blanc ou Saint-Macaire’ em 1874 e, em 1893, ‘Saint-Macaire ou Bouton-Blanc ou Moustouzère’, uva para solo fresco que dá vinho abundante, muito escuro, mole e muito comum. O VIVC trata SAINT MACAIRE como uva distinta, com BOUTON BLANC e MOUSTOUZERE entre os sinônimos, o que confere com os livros da Gironde. A única divergência está no próprio catálogo, que também traz SAINT MACAIRE como sinônimo do Merlot. A cidade e o cantão de Saint-Macaire enchem os mesmos livros, e só o contexto de vinha conta.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Saint - Macaire ou Bouton - Blanc ou Moustouzère . Ce cépage aime le terrain frais . Produit en abondance un vin très coloré , mou et très ordinaire .", "en": "Saint-Macaire or Bouton-Blanc or Moustouzère. This grape likes cool soil. It gives in abundance a very colored, soft, and very ordinary wine." } ] }, { "printed": "Salfit", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "The abbé Bellet (1736), as reported by Petit-Lafitte in 1868, named a red Salfit among the grapes of the Bordelais, full in dewy weather but otherwise without juice. Petit-Lafitte found the name unknown in his day, and no other source uses it. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O abade Bellet (1736), segundo o relato de Petit-Lafitte em 1868, citou um Salfit tinto entre as uvas do Bordelais, cheio em tempo de orvalho, mas fora disso sem suco. Petit-Lafitte achou o nome desconhecido em sua época, e nenhuma outra fonte o usa. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "le Salfit , parmi les rouges . Ce dernier « < plein en temps de rosée mais autrement sans suc . »", "en": "the Salfit, among the reds. This last one is ‘full in dewy weather but otherwise without juice.’" } ] }, { "printed": "Sauvignon rose", "variants": [ "Sauvignon - Rose" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "sauvignon-gris" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1893) describe the Sauvignon rose as a variety of the white Sauvignon that differs only in the color of its grapes, and say a small share mixed with ordinary red grapes improves the wine; their 1922 edition lists Sauvignon-Rose among minor whites. VIVC lists SAUVIGNON ROSE among the synonyms of Sauvignon Gris, the pink-skinned form of Sauvignon Blanc allowed in Bordeaux today. Nothing in the sources argues against it, but the match rests on name and color, so the status is likely.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1893) descreve o Sauvignon rose como uma variedade do Sauvignon branco que só difere na cor das uvas, e diz que uma pequena parte misturada às uvas tintas comuns melhora o vinho; a edição de 1922 o lista entre as brancas menores. O VIVC traz SAUVIGNON ROSE entre os sinônimos do Sauvignon Gris, a forma de casca rosada do Sauvignon Blanc permitida hoje em Bordeaux. Nada nas fontes contradiz, mas a correspondência se apoia no nome e na cor, e o status é provável.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Sauvignon rose . Variété du Sauvignon blanc qui ne diffère de ce dernier que par la couleur du raisin .", "en": "Sauvignon rose. A variety of the white Sauvignon that differs from it only in the color of the grape." } ] }, { "printed": "Sursis", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "The sursis appears once, in a Cubzadais commune entry of Cocks and Féret’s 1874 edition, as a red grape grown in the palus beside the verdot. There is no description, and no source identifies it. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O sursis aparece uma única vez, no verbete de uma comuna do Cubzadais na edição de 1874 do guia de Cocks e Féret, como uva tinta cultivada nas palus ao lado do verdot. Não há descrição, e nenhuma fonte o identifica. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "1/3 folle noire, cahors, saint-macaire (bouton-blanc), sursis et verdot; ces deux derniers se trouvent dans les palus", "en": "[Vines:] 1/3 folle noire, cahors, saint-macaire (bouton-blanc), sursis, and verdot; these last 2 are found in the palus" } ] }, { "printed": "Tarney", "variants": [ "Tarney-Coulant", "Terny", "tarnex", "Coulant" ], "status": "likely", "pointsTo": [ "mancin" ], "en": "Jullien (1816) lists the tarnex with the malbek among the Graves reds, Franck (1845) praises the tarney as a quick-ripening grape giving a ruby-colored wine, and Petit-Lafitte (1868) reports much Tarney at Château d’Issan, whose wine was called the ‘Rubis fondu d’Issan’. Cocks and Féret (1868) thought the tarney-coulant a variety of the mancin, and in 1874 they give Tarney or Terny (Margaux, Macau) and Coulant as names of the Mancin; VIVC lists TARNAY COULANT, TARNAY, and TERNY under Mancin. The descriptions do not fully agree, since the tarney ripens early while the Mancin of 1874 ripens very late, so the status is likely.", "pt": "Jullien (1816) põe o tarnex ao lado do malbek entre as tintas das Graves, Franck (1845) elogia o tarney como uva de maturação rápida que dá vinho cor de rubi, e Petit-Lafitte (1868) relata muito Tarney no Château d’Issan, cujo vinho era chamado de ‘Rubis fondu d’Issan’. O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) achava o tarney-coulant uma variedade do mancin, e em 1874 dá Tarney ou Terny (Margaux, Macau) e Coulant como nomes do Mancin; o VIVC traz TARNAY COULANT, TARNAY e TERNY sob o Mancin. As descrições não batem por completo, já que o tarney amadurece cedo e o Mancin de 1874 muito tarde, e o status é provável.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Auguste Petit-Lafitte", "title": "La vigne dans le Bordelais", "year": 1868, "fr": "Il y a beaucoup de Tarney au château d'Issan : ce crû est excellent aussi , et le vin y a une si belle couleur , qu'on l'appelle le Rubis fondu d'Issan .", "en": "There is much Tarney at Château d’Issan: that cru is excellent too, and the wine has so fine a color that it is called the Rubis fondu d’Issan, the melted ruby of Issan." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "Tarney ou Terny (à Margaux et à Macau). Coulant (dans différentes parties du Médoc).", "en": "Tarney or Terny (at Margaux and Macau). Coulant (in different parts of the Médoc)." } ] }, { "printed": "Taupier", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1886, 1893) describe the Taupier, with leaves like the Malbec’s and large, round, sweet berries ripening just after it, almost free of coulure, and fairly resistant to mildew, as grown and propagated for some years by R. Dezeimeris at Loupiac; their 1922 edition lists it again. No VIVC passport carries the name, which also occurs as a surname. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1886, 1893) descreve o Taupier, de folhas como as do Malbec e bagas grandes, redondas e doces, que amadurecem logo depois dele, quase sem desavinho e bastante resistente ao míldio, como cultivado e propagado havia alguns anos por R. Dezeimeris em Loupiac; a edição de 1922 o lista de novo. Nenhum passaporte do VIVC traz o nome, que também aparece como sobrenome. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (5e éd.)", "year": 1886, "fr": "Taupier . FEUILLES analogues à celles du Malbec , assez duvetées en dessous .", "en": "Taupier. Leaves like those of the Malbec, fairly downy underneath." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (6e éd.)", "year": 1893, "fr": "Il est depuis quelques années cultivé avec succès et propagé par M. R. Dezeimeris , à Loupiac .", "en": "For some years it has been grown with success and propagated by M. R. Dezeimeris, at Loupiac." } ] }, { "printed": "Verdelette", "variants": [], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [], "en": "Only Jullien (1816) names la verdelette, among the grapes of the excellent white wines of the Graves, with no description. The name recalls the Blanc Verdet, a late white of the same vineyards, but no source makes that link. Its identity is unknown.", "pt": "Só Jullien (1816) cita la verdelette, entre as uvas dos excelentes vinhos brancos das Graves, sem descrição. O nome lembra o Blanc Verdet, branca tardia dos mesmos vinhedos, mas nenhuma fonte faz essa ligação. A identidade é desconhecida.", "quotes": [ { "author": "André Jullien", "title": "Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1re éd.)", "year": 1816, "fr": "Les excellens vins blancs de Grave sont faits avec le sauvignon, le blanc doux, le semilion 3 le cruchinet 3 la verdelette et la chalosse", "en": "The excellent white wines of the Graves are made with the sauvignon, the blanc doux, the sémillon, the cruchinet, the verdelette, and the chalosse" } ] }, { "printed": "Verdot", "variants": [ "verdot (alone)", "Verdot de Guienne", "Verdot (white, Franck 1845)" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "petit-verdot", "gros-verdot", "blanc-verdet" ], "en": "Verdot alone covers several grapes. D’Armailhacq (1855) knew 3 verdots, gros, moyen, and petit, and said only the petit was grown in the Médoc; Cocks and Féret (1868) count 4, adding the verdot-colon, and later describe a Verdot-de-Palus. Franck (1845) even uses ‘Le Verdot’ for a white grape whose marks are those of the Blanc Verdet. In a Médoc text after 1855 verdot usually means the Petit Verdot; in the palus, or earlier, it can be any of them.", "pt": "Verdot sozinho cobre várias uvas. D’Armailhacq (1855) conhecia 3 verdots, gros, moyen e petit, e dizia que só o petit era cultivado no Médoc; o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) conta 4, com o verdot-colon, e depois descreve um Verdot-de-Palus. Franck (1845) chega a usar ‘Le Verdot’ para uma uva branca com os traços do Blanc Verdet. Num texto do Médoc posterior a 1855 verdot costuma ser o Petit Verdot; nas palus, ou antes disso, pode ser qualquer um deles.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "On reconnaît trois variétés du ver dot : le gros, le moyen et le petit, qui ne varient guère que par la grosseur du fruit; ce dernier est le seul qu'on cultive dans le Médoc", "en": "Of the verdot, 3 varieties are recognized: the gros, the moyen, and the petit, which differ hardly at all except in the size of the fruit; the last is the only one grown in the Médoc" }, { "author": "Wilhelm Franck", "title": "Traité sur les vins du Médoc (2e éd.)", "year": 1845, "fr": "Le Verdot d'un bois jaunâtre rayé de brun ; feuille grande, épaisse, de couleur vert foncé", "en": "The Verdot, with yellowish wood striped with brown; leaf large, thick, dark green" } ] }, { "printed": "Verdot-Colon", "variants": [ "verdot - colon", "Gros Verdot Colon" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "gros-verdot" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1868) count 4 verdots, the petit-verdot, the moyen, the gros, and the verdot-colon, and describe the verdot-colon, called graput in the palus, as very productive and much inferior; in 1922 it has none of the qualities of the 2 verdots before it. VIVC lists VERDOT COLON and COLON among the synonyms of Gros Verdot. The 1868 text separates the gros verdot from the verdot-colon while the catalog joins them, so the case stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) conta 4 verdots, o petit-verdot, o moyen, o gros e o verdot-colon, e descreve o verdot-colon, chamado graput nas palus, como muito produtivo e muito inferior; em 1922 ele não tem nenhuma das qualidades dos 2 verdots anteriores. O VIVC traz VERDOT COLON e COLON entre os sinônimos do Gros Verdot. O texto de 1868 separa o gros verdot do verdot-colon e o catálogo os junta, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "On distingue quatre variétés de verdot : le petit - ver- dot , le moyen , le gros et le verdot - colon .", "en": "Of the verdot, 4 varieties are distinguished: the petit-verdot, the moyen, the gros, and the verdot-colon." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "3º Le Verdot - Colon , qui n'a aucune des qualités des deux variétés précédentes .", "en": "Third: the Verdot-Colon, which has none of the qualities of the 2 preceding varieties." } ] }, { "printed": "Verdot-de-Palus", "variants": [ "Verdot-Blanc", "Verdot-Bouton-Blanc", "moyen verdot" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "gros-verdot", "petit-verdot" ], "en": "Cocks and Féret (1874 to 1922) describe a Verdot-de-Palus, also called Verdot-Blanc or Verdot-Bouton-Blanc, with slightly longer bunches than the Petit-Verdot and a good wine below that of the Verdot-Rouge; by 1922 it was the most widespread verdot. The ‘blanc’ refers to the shoot, since the berries are black. No source equates it with the gros verdot, and VIVC lists PLANT DE PALUS under both Gros Verdot and Petit Verdot. The candidates are the Gros Verdot or a form of the Petit Verdot, and it stays open.", "pt": "O guia de Cocks e Féret (1874 a 1922) descreve um Verdot-de-Palus, também chamado Verdot-Blanc ou Verdot-Bouton-Blanc, de cachos um pouco mais compridos que os do Petit-Verdot e vinho bom, abaixo do Verdot-Rouge; em 1922 era o verdot mais difundido. O ‘blanc’ se refere ao broto, porque as bagas são pretas. Nenhuma fonte o identifica com o gros verdot, e o VIVC traz PLANT DE PALUS sob o Gros Verdot e sob o Petit Verdot. Os candidatos são o Gros Verdot ou uma forma do Petit Verdot, e o caso segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Charles Cocks (rev. Édouard Féret)", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (3e éd.)", "year": 1874, "fr": "2° Le Verdot-de-Palus ou Verdot-Blanc. Les grappes sont un peu plus allongées que celles du Petit-Verdot. Produit un bon vin, quoique inférieur à celui du Verdot-Rouge.", "en": "Second: the Verdot-de-Palus or Verdot-Blanc. The bunches are a little longer than those of the Petit-Verdot. It gives a good wine, though below that of the Verdot-Rouge." }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (9e éd.)", "year": 1922, "fr": "2º Le Verdot - de - Palus , ou Verdot - Blanc , ou Verdot - Bouton - Blanc .", "en": "Second: the Verdot-de-Palus, or Verdot-Blanc, or Verdot-Bouton-Blanc." } ] }, { "printed": "Vidure", "variants": [ "petite vidure", "Petite-Vidure", "bidure", "petite vigne dure", "vuidure" ], "status": "open", "pointsTo": [ "cabernet-sauvignon", "cabernet-franc" ], "en": "D’Armailhacq (1855) gives petite vidure near Bordeaux, and Secondat’s petite vigne dure, to the cabernet-sauvignon, and Victor Rendu (1857) agrees. Franck (1824) instead writes ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’, and Cocks and Féret (1868) give petite-vidure in the Graves to the cabernet-franc form of the gros cabernet. VIVC lists VIDURE, PETITE VIDURE, and BIDURE under both Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. Vidure, from vigne dure, is a Graves word for the cabernets as a pair, and which one a text means stays open.", "pt": "D’Armailhacq (1855) dá petite vidure, perto de Bordeaux, e a petite vigne dure de Secondat ao cabernet-sauvignon, e Victor Rendu (1857) concorda. Franck (1824), ao contrário, escreve ‘Le Carmenet ou la petite Vidure’, e o guia de Cocks e Féret (1868) dá petite-vidure, nas Graves, à forma cabernet-franc do gros cabernet. O VIVC traz VIDURE, PETITE VIDURE e BIDURE sob o Cabernet Sauvignon e sob o Cabernet Franc. Vidure, de vigne dure, é uma palavra das Graves para os dois cabernets, e qual deles um texto designa segue em aberto.", "quotes": [ { "author": "Armand d'Armailhacq", "title": "La culture des vignes, la vinification et les vins dans le Médoc", "year": 1855, "fr": "Le petit cabernet ou cabernet- sauvignon , appelé petite vidure près de Bordeaux, et petite vigne dure par M. de Secondât", "en": "The petit cabernet or cabernet-sauvignon, called petite vidure near Bordeaux, and petite vigne dure by M. de Secondat" }, { "author": "Charles Cocks & Édouard Féret", "title": "Bordeaux et ses vins classés par ordre de mérite (2e éd.)", "year": 1868, "fr": "La deuxième , cabernet - franc , ou cabernet - gris ( en Médoc ) , et la petite - vidure ( dans les Graves ) , se distingue", "en": "The second, cabernet-franc or cabernet-gris (in the Médoc), and the petite-vidure (in the Graves), is distinguished" } ] } ] }